3. The difficulties in vocabulary. It is not easy to learn the words of a foreign language, as each word
has its own form , meaning and usage, and each of these aspects has its
own difficulties.
In fact, some words are difficult because of their form (daughter, busy,
bury, woman, women) and easy in their usage. Other words are easy in their
form but difficult in usage (enter, get , happy)
Consequently all words can be classified according to the difficulties
students have in learning them. In methodology there have been many
attempts to classify the words according to the difficulties they present.
One of the classifications is: (Rogova)
lexical units with concrete meaning
lexical units with abstract meaning
form words
The easiest words for assimilation are words with concrete meaning
(book, street, sky etc.), actions (to walk, to dance, to read), meaning qualities
(long, big, small,)
It is more difficult to learn words with abstract meaning (world, home,
believe, promise, honest) But the most difficult for learning are form words.
(articles, prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliary verbs etc.) While getting ready
to work with the lexical units the teacher must take into account all these
difficulties.
(Psychological peculiarities of teaching vocabulary)
4. Presentation of new lexical units. Presentation of new words.
There are different ways of presenting new vocabulary. As a word has its
form, meaning and usage, to introduce a new word means to acquaint the learners
with its form (phonetic, spelling, structure and grammatical form) and to explain
its meaning and usage.
Students can learn the phonetic form (pronunciation) of the word and its
spelling with the help of the following techniques:
1. by conscious imitation
2. by analogy
3. through transcription
4. with the help of reading rules
All the ways of presenting new words are combined into two large groups: