Образования
Keywords: pre-sowing, tillage, productivity, natural meadows, reed. Introduction
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ХАБАРШЫ (1) (1)
- Бұл бет үшін навигация:
- Literature review.
| Keywords: pre-sowing, tillage, productivity, natural meadows, reed.
Introduction. The main reserve in strengthening the fodder base in modern market conditions is to increase the productivity of natural fodder lands, to obtain high-grade and cheap fodder on these lands. One of such vast lands in the republic in the Kyzylorda region is reed thickets. The main dominant of these lands is the southern reed, which is of great national economic importance, as a vegetable raw material for integrated agricultural use and industrial processing. In the Republic of Kazakhstan, there are huge thickets of wetland plants. The southern reed is of the greatest value. The area of reed thickets occupies 1 million 800 hectares, the gross harvest reaches 16 million 975 thousand tons, and in the Kyzylorda region, respectively, 400 thousand hectares. The gross harvest is 4 million 400 thousand tons. However, due to the regulation of the Syr Darya River, the area of reed hayfields has decreased by 2 or more times, and the yield from 14 centners to 7 centners / ha. It is known that southern reed reproduces vegetatively, its reed rhizomes deepen into the soil up to 2 - 3 cm and lie at a depth of 0 - 80 cm. The solution of these problems is especially important and very important in the environmentally unfavorable region of the Aral Sea region, where the increase in the production of feed should be carried out, first of all, due to the all-round increase in productivity and the rational use of natural forage lands. Due to the prevailing circumstances, the problem of providing livestock with fodder became more and more difficult. In this regard, our goal was to find the most acceptable ways to increase the yield of reed thickets. The research tasks were set precisely to the measures for the creation of highly productive hayfields by various methods of superficial and radical improvement. Literature review. In Kazakhstan, two thirds of all reed thickets are located in its southern part: in the basins of the Syrdarya, Chu, Ili rivers and on the coast of the Caspian Sea. In Kazakhstan, reed beds are widespread along the floodplains of desert rivers. It grows in water near river banks, on land, often in sands with close groundwater. You can also find reeds on salt marshes covered with a white film of salt, in depressions between hilly sands and as a weed on irrigated lands. It almost always grows in clean thickets and only on land are reed grass, sedges and other vegetation mixed with it. There have been no special studies to determine the areas occupied by reed, therefore, its thickets, area and distribution in general across the CIS have not been sufficiently studied. According to literature data, the total area of reed beds in the CIS is 5 million hectares, and the crop yield is about 40 million tons [1,506 рр]. Opinions differ on the areas of reed beds in Kazakhstan. According to some authors [2,17 рр] they occupy about 3 million hectares, i.e. 1% of the entire territory of the republic. Others believe that it is equal to 1 million 800 thousand hectares or 1 million 600 thousand hectares second only to the territory located in the RSF. Estimated dry matter yield - 16 thousand tons [2,18 рр]. According to the Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the total area of thickets is determined at 3 million hectares. жүктеу/скачать 2,01 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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