Of L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University педагогика. Психология. ӘЛеуметтану
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| Problem statement
The illegitimacy and indeed the moral and ethical bankruptcy, of the multiple and overlapping networks of customary and modern governance have created vast space of alienation and social exclusion in a world where the armies of impoverished youth were neither citizens nor subjects, a social landscape for the politics of resentment to fester [1]. Rural and urban, federal, and local, religious, and secular, customary, and modern, the crises of authority were all instrumental in the processes that created a rural and urban underclass, alienated, and excluded from the worlds of legitimate authority, and from the market order. These floating populations – the lumpen proletariat, Quranic students, and land-poor peasants in the northern parts of the country, the unemployed youth in the south- east detached from the old gerontocracy order, unable to pursue their measures of personal advancement through marriage, patronage, and work. Existentially, young men, unanchored from social, civic, and political structures, occupied a social space of massively constricted possibility, in a world where economic recession and the dreadful logic of provisioning and self- interest deprived millions of the basic needs in life, conditioned to a hapless and hopeless social underclass. Thus, the youth in these regions was, by default, nothing much of an extended social category as a permanent way of life [1]. The logic of indigeneity and indeed, the legitimacy of community forms of rule encoded within the constitution, in effect institutionalized a parallel system of governance represented by chieftaincy in the south and emirate rule in the north. In this multi-ethnic political drama, indigenes looked to customary institutions as a source of legitimacy and authority, and nowhere more so than around question of access to and control over land [2]. The patronage political tradition has inevitably cumulated in institutional corruption and lack of credibility for the holders of public offices. Institutional corruption here means contracts undone, breach of trusts or pervasive dishonesty, damaged investment environment, failing infrastructures and massive economic loss, youth marginalization and an inescapable break down in social order. The centripetal tendentious patronage of the traditional hegemony by the legitimate community rulers has proved counterproductive by the centrifugal tendentious institutional failure and existential predicament now starring the nation. While all this provided the context for the first steps towards the construction of early versions of patron-client relations along ethnic, regional and party lines, the resources with which to fund the supporting networks came in greater abundance in the post-civil war period of oil boom when Nigeria became awash in petro-naira, thanks largely to ‘the two great oil price shocks of 1973 and 1979’ that ensured that ‘staggering new revenues poured into the country. These massive oil rents helped the politicians fed their patrons upon whom they depend for political nominations and success at elections, much at the expenses of the unsuspecting voters. However, the overwhelming influence of political godfathers and moneybags in the electoral process pose incredible threats to democratic survival and the democratic institution. The logic of the political settlement entails buying off powerful groups and individuals so that they do not become a threat (co-optation); permitting some benefits to O.W. Adeleke, А.T. Аbzhaliyeva 208 № 1(134)/2021 Л.Н. Гумилев атындағы Еуразия ұлттық университетінің ХАБАРШЫСЫ. Педагогика. Психология. Әлеуметтану сериясы ISSN: 2616-6895, eISSN: 2663-2497 trickle down to purchase consent and legitimacy and building powerful coercive apparatuses to ensure compliance. Goals The goal of this paper is not to reproduce the arguments and existing theories on the theme, but merely to point to the correlation between institutional stratification and existential predicament and the way in which information from each can, perhaps help throw light on our interpretation of the other. Conflicts between structures and agents in the political order in the north will be explored to discover asymmetries inherent of the two social constructs. жүктеу/скачать 3,76 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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