ТЕХНИКА, ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ЖӘНЕ ФИЗИКАЛЫҚ-МАТЕМАТИКАЛЫҚ ҒЫЛЫМДАР
1-сурет – Өлшеу камерасын толтыру процесінің сызбасы
dH
H
H
1
H
2
S
dW
Q
M
S
1
S
2
м
м
20
№ 3 (63), 2014
Regional Bulletin of the East
Қабылдағыш камераның Н
1
ден Н
2
деңгейінен босау уақытын анықтау үшін
Н
1
…Н
2
диапазонында теңдеуді (4) интегралдаймыз:
,
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
∫
∫
−
=
−
−
=
H
H
ì
H
H
ì
ç
Q
H
g
S
H
d
S
Q
H
g
S
H
d
S
t
µ
µ
(5)
түрлендіруді жүргізе отырып:
.
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
−
−
+
−
=
Ì
Ì
Ì
ç
Q
H
g
S
Q
H
g
S
n
l
Q
H
H
g
S
g
S
S
t
µ
µ
µ
µ
(5)
Биіктіктердің төмендеуі кезінде Н
1
-Н
2
өлшеу камерасын толтыру уақытында
қабылдау камерасына келіп түскен сүттің қосымша үлесі көп емес екенін ескере
отырып, Q
м
= 0 деп алып, келесі теңдеуді аламыз:
(
)
2
1
1
3
H
H
g
2
S
S
t
−
⋅
⋅
µ
=
(6)
немесе g = 9,81м/с
2
деп алсақ теңдеу келесі түрге ие болады;
(
)
.
5
4
,
0
2
1
1
3
H
H
S
S
t
−
⋅
=
µ
.
(7)
H
1
= V
м
/ S
1
және H
2
= 0 кезінде қабылдағыш камерадағы сұйықтықтың ми-
нималды қысымы тең болатынын ескере отырып, өлшеуіш камераның толтыры-
лу уақытының есептік мәнін келесі теңдеуден алуға болады:
1
1
3
5
4
,
0
S
V
S
S
t
Ì
µ
⋅
=
(8)
8 теңдеуінің анализі өлшеуіш камераның толтырылу уақыты сүттің
есептеуіш-эвакуаторының конструктивті параметрлерінің функциясы екенін
көрсетеді, жекеленгенде: қабылдағыш камерасының қиылысу ауданы (S
1
),
қабылдағыш және өлшеуіш камерасындағы тесіктердің қиылысы (S) және
өлшеуіш камераның көлемі (V
М
).
1-кестеде қабылдағыш және өлшеуіш камерадағы тесіктердің көлемі мен
диаметріне байланысты өлшеуіш камераның толтырылу уақытының есептік
м
м
м
м
м
м
3
3
А.А. АСЫЛБЕКОВ, М.К. БРАЛИЕВ
21
Шығыстың аймақтық хабаршысы · Региональный вестник Востока № 3 (63), 2014
мәндері берілген. Қабылдағыш және өлшеуіш камераның диаметрлері бірдей
деп алынған.
1-кесте – Өлшеуіш камераның тотырылу уақытының мәндері
№
п/п
Өлшеу камерасының
көлемі, м
3
·10
-3
Камерааралық тесіктің
диаметрі, м
Өлшеу камерасын толты-
ру уақыты, с
1
1,0
0,03
2,83
2
1,0
0,04
1,57
3
1,0
0,05
1,01
4
1,0
0,06
0,71
5
1,5
0,03
3,16
6
1,5
0,04
1,75
7
1,5
0,05
1,12
8
1,5
0,06
0,79
9
2,0
0,03
3,49
10
2,0
0,04
1,94
11
2,0
0,05
1,25
12
2,0
0,06
0,87
Алынған мәліметтердің талдауы, өлшеуіш камераның толтырылу уақыты
көп жағдайда өлшеуіш камераның көлеміне және қабылдағыш пен өлшеуіш
камераның арасындағы тесіктің қиылысына байланысты екендігін көрсетті.
ӘДЕБИЕТТЕР ТІЗІМІ
1. Методические рекомендации по реконструкции и техническому переоснаще-
нию животноводческих ферм // М.: ФГНУ «Росинформагротех». – 2000. – С. 20-26.
2. Городецкая Т.К. О стрессовых факторах на молочных комплексах промыш-
ленного типа // В кн.: Поведение животных в условиях промышленного комплексов /
Т.К. Городецкая. – М.: Колос. – 1979. – С. 77-83.
3. Шайдуллин Р.Р. Влияние стресс-факторов на молочную продуктивность коров //
Труды ХI Международного симпозиума по машинному доению сельскохозяйственных
животных, первичной обработке и переработке молока / Р.Р. Шайдуллин. – Казань, 2003.
– С. 212-213.
4. Кокорина Э.П. Условные рефлексы и продуктивность животных / Э.П. Кокорина.
– М.: Агропромиздат, 1986. – С. 95-98.
5. Хазанов Е.Е. Рекомендации по модернизации и техническому перевооружению
молочных ферм / Е.Е. Хазанов, Е.Л. Ревякин, В.Е. Хазанов, В.В. Гордеев. – М.: ФГНУ
«Росинформагротех», 2007. – 128 с.
6. Карташов Л.П. Повышение надежности системы / Л.П. Карташов, С.А. Соловьев.
– С. 92-96.
7. Доровских В.И. Принципы управления процессом молоковыведения при доении
животных / В.И. Доровских, Ю.В. Кулаев // Сборник научных трудов ВНИИМЖ. – Т. 10.
ТЕХНИКА, ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ЖӘНЕ ФИЗИКАЛЫҚ-МАТЕМАТИКАЛЫҚ ҒЫЛЫМДАР
22
№ 3 (63), 2014
Regional Bulletin of the East
– Ч. 1. – Подольск, 2005. – С. 186-189.
REFERENCES
1. Metodicheskie rekomendacii po rekonstrukcii i tehnicheskomu pereosnashheniju zhi-
votnovodcheskih ferm. M.: FGNU Rosinformagroteh. 2000, 20-26 (in Russ).
2. Gorodeckaja T.K., O stressovyh faktorah na molochnyh kompleksah promyshlennogo
tipa. V kn. Povedenie zhivotnyh v uslovijah promyshlennogo kompleksov. M.: Kolos. 1979,
77-83 (in Russ).
3. Shajdullin R.R., Vlijanie stress-faktorov na molochnuju produktivnost’ korov. Trudy
ХI Mezhdunarodnogo simpoziuma po mashinnomu doeniju sel’skohozjajstvennyh zhivotnyh,
pervichnoj obrabotke i pererabotke moloka. Kazan’. 2003, 212-213 (in Russ).
4. Kokorina Je.P., Uslovnye refleksy i produktivnost’ zhivotnyh. M.: Agropromizdat.
1986, 95-98 (in Russ).
5. Hazanov E.E., Revjakin E.L., Hazanov V.E., Gordeev V.V., Rekomendacii po mod-
ernizacii i tehnicheskomu perevooruzheniju molochnyh ferm. M.: FGNU Rosinformagroteh.
2007, 128 (in Russ).
6. Kartashov L.P., Solov’ev S.A., Povyshenie nadezhnosti sistemy. 92-96 (in Russ).
7. Dorovskih V.I., Kulaev Ju.V., Principy upravlenija processom molokovyvedenija pri
doenii zhivotnyh. Sbornik nauchnyh trudov VNIIMZh. Tom 10, ch. 1. Podol’sk. 2005, 186-189
(in Russ).
А.А. АСЫЛБЕКОВ, М.К. БРАЛИЕВ
Шығыстың аймақтық хабаршысы · Региональный вестник Востока № 3 (63), 2014
ЖАРАТЫЛЫСТАНУ ҒЫЛЫМДАРЫ ЖӘНЕ МЕДИцИНА
ЕСТЕСТВЕННЫЕ НАУКИ И МЕДИцИНА
NATURAL SCIENCES AND MEDICINE
UDC 663.1:367.13.8
L.M. AMREYEVA
S. Amanzholov East Kazakhstan State University, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan
PECULIARITIES OF THE HEART RATE REGULATION
AMONG THE POPULATION OF INDUSTRIAL REGION
The article included an integrated assessment peculiarities of the heart rate regulation
among the population of industrial region. The impact of environmental factors on the human
body is realized in the form of activation of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous
system.
Кeywords: cardiovascular system, vegetative nervous system, heart rate, adaptation,
functional voltage.
ӨНЕРКӘСІПТІК АЙМАҚТАҒЫ ТҰРҒЫНДАРДЫҢ
ЖҮРЕК ЫРҒАҒЫН РЕТТЕУ ЕРЕКШЕЛІКТЕРІ
Мақалада өнеркәсіптік аймақтағы түрғындардың арасындағы жүрек ырғағын
реттеудің комплексті бағалауы берілді. Адам ағзасына экологиялық факторлардың
әсері вегетативті жүйке жүйесінің симпатикалық бөлімінің активтенуі бойынша
орындалады.
Түйін сөздер: қан айналым жүйесі, вегетативті жүйке жүйесі, жүректің ырғағы,
бейімдеу, функционалдық күшею.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ РЕГУЛЯЦИИ СЕРДЕЧНОГО РИТМА
СРЕДИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО РЕГИОНА
В статье дана комплексная оценка особенностей регуляции сердечного ритма
среди населения промышленного региона. Влияние экологических факторов на организм
человека реализуется в виде активации симпатического отдела вегетативной нервной
системы.
Ключевые слова: сердечно-сосудистая система, вегетативная нервная система,
сердечный ритм, адаптация, функциональное напряжение.
24
№ 3 (63), 2014
Regional Bulletin of the East
The cardiovascular system is a thin effector organ, which is closely related to
the regulatory mechanisms of the cortex and subcortical structures, and, at the same
time, effective indicator of determining the potential level of adaptability of organism
vegetative functions [1].
The normal state of life activity is characterized by a balance of organism with
the environment and the maintenance of homeostasis within the system. Any change
in the level of functioning leads to the restructuring of the organism system activ-
ity in order to achieve the desired final result by moving to a new level of regulation
through the use of reserve possibilities, involving new and eliminating unnecessary
system units. Prolonged tension of regulation system can lead to overstrain it, and in
the future - and to the depletion of the protective mechanisms, reducing of an organism
functional possibilities [2].
It is known that the adaptation of the organism to various factors is carried out
by the regulatory function of sympathetic (SNS) and parasympathetic (PNS) parts of
vegetative nervous system (VNS).
Objective: to study peculiarities of the heart rate regulation among the popula-
tion of industrial ecologically unfavourable region.
Materials and Methods: The registration and analysis method of heart rate vari-
ability allows detecting the shifts of neurohumoral balance, assessing the participation
degree of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous and humoral units in the regu-
lation of heart rate, the centralization degree of its management.
The information is in serial number of cardio intervals, contains information
about the automatism, and reflects the nature of processes taking place in the control
system of sinus node, the level of adaptation as a whole [3, 4].
Resaltes. Analysis of vegetative parameters of people employed in brainwork
allowed finding in inspected people the various expression and specificity degrees of
shift direction and character of organism response.
So, in inspected people of group with the work experience up to 5 years was
registered the following Mo meaning: the teachers of special schools - 0,82 ± 0,02 sec-
onds, the library staff - 0,86 ± 0,03 seconds, the indicator AMo of teachers was 33.4 ±
4,2%; library staff at 34,7 ± 3,0%.
The values of the Vegetative index of rate, Index vegetative balance, Indicator
of control process adequacy were significantly higher in inspected people of this work
experience group than in those with work experience of 5 to 10 years: the teachers of
special schools by 12.1%, 39.6% and 31.9%, respectively, the library staff of 16.8%,
14.3%, 32.7%, respectively.
Research results of vegetative regulation of the people employed in brainwork
of the second work experience group characterized the decrease of sympathetic influ-
ences: the values AMo, Vegetative index of rate, Index vegetative balance, Indicator
L.M. AMREYEVA
25
Шығыстың аймақтық хабаршысы · Региональный вестник Востока № 3 (63), 2014
NATURAL SCIENCES AND MEDICINE
of control process adequacy had a tendency of significant decrease compared with the
values of the previous group, and were the teachers of special schools 26,6 ± 2,6%
(p <0,05), 13,2 ± 3,5 standard units, 305,1 ± 92,8 standard units, 31,9 ± 3,9 standard
units respectively, the library staff 31,0 ± 2,3% (p <0,05), 13,01 ± 1,2 standard units (p
<0,05), 363,5 ± 41,2 standard units, 34,7 ± 2,9 standard units (p <0.01), respectively.
According to the theoretical positions [5, 6, 7], this type of response vegetative
regulation can be explained by the development of general tiredness, falling tone of
vegetative nervous system and inhibition processes in the central nervous system of
people employed in brainwork in the group with work experience of 5 to 10 years,
compared with the group with up to 5 years.
This, apparently, is a protective reaction of the organism, or the observed mod-
erate parasympathetic influence, balancing the detrimental effect of sympathoadrenal
system by stressful situation, is one of the factors of individual resistance to the pos-
sible changes in the cardiovascular system under conditions of psychic tension [6].
In the inspected people of the group with work experience of 10 years and over
recorded an increase AMo, Vegetative index of rate, Index vegetative balance, Indi-
cator of control process adequacy: the teachers of special schools - 32,5 ± 2,7% (p
<0,05), 16,3 ± 1,2 standard units., 505,6 ± 61,2 standard units, 42,6 ± 3,2 standard
units (P <0.01), respectively, the library staff 19,8 ± 2,1 standard units (P <0,01), 546,4
± 76,2 standard units (P <0,05), 38,9 ± 2,6 standard units (P <0.05), respectively.
The observed changes indicate a shift in vegetative balance toward a moderate
prevalence of sympathetic part of vegetative nervous system of inspected people with
the work experience, indicating the increasing control centralization of heart rate, ie,
the amplification modulating influence of the hypothalamus [8, 9].
Predominance in central regulation of heart rate of the sympathetic tone (as evi-
denced increase in Index of regulatory system tension and AMo), accompanied in this
case, and a small decrease in activity of the parasympathetic regulation (Δ x - 0,08 ±
0,004 s (p <0.01) for teachers; Δ x - 0,07 ± 0,007 seconds for the library staff), with no
significant changes in the magnitude of humoral unit (Mo).
Changes in heart rate, depending on the experience indicate that the value range
the most common RR intervals practically unaffected, but the number of interval val-
ues corresponding to Mo, that is, their expression changes in waves, and the degree of
variability (Δ x) decreased.
This indicates, on the one hand, an increase of the system regularity, on the other
hand a decrease of lability, which naturally leads the inertia of the system, reducing the
ability to adequately respond to influences of the environment. This assumption is re-
flected in the integrative indicators Vegetative index of rate, Index vegetative balance,
Indicator of control process adequacy, Index of regulatory system tension, the values
of which change with the experience work of professional activity.
26
№ 3 (63), 2014
Regional Bulletin of the East
Dynamics of changes in tension index as a function of experience is illustrated
visually in Picture 1.
I - teachers of special schools
II - library staff
Picture 1 – The index of tension in brainwork people, depending on the experience of profes-
sional activity
According to research by R.M. Baevsky [10] who contributed four degrees of
adaptation Index of regulatory system tension of organism, we can say that the sub-
ject has a contingent of teachers 13.16% of the subjects had a satisfactory adapta-
tion, 34.21% - tension of adaptation mechanisms, 52,63% - unsatisfactory adaptation,
34.21% - tension of adaptation mechanisms, 52,63% - unsatisfactory adaptation.
In the dynamics of the professional activity the first and the third group had an
unsatisfactory adaptation and the values of Index of regulatory system tension, respec-
tively, were 283,2 ± 92,5 standard units (p <0.001) and 302,3 ± 38,5 standard units (p
<0.001). The representatives of the second group with a work experience showed the
tension of adaptation mechanisms and Index of regulatory system tension were 189,6
± 62,4 standard units (p <0.001).
In the group of teachers with experience up to 5 years 28.6% of the teachers had
a satisfactory adaptation, 14.3% - the tension adaptation mechanisms, 57.1% - unsat-
isfactory adaptation.
In the group with experience of 5 to 10 years, 42.8% of inspection had a satisfac-
tory adaptation in 28.6% recorded tension adaptation mechanisms, in 28.6% - unsatis-
factory adaptation. 41.7% of teachers with 10 years of experience work and have more
tension adaptation mechanisms, 58.3% - unsatisfactory adaptation.
L.M. AMREYEVA
27
Шығыстың аймақтық хабаршысы · Региональный вестник Востока № 3 (63), 2014
In the group of library staff 10.7% of inspected people had a satisfactory adapta-
tion, 7.1% - tension adaptation mechanisms, 71.4% - unsatisfactory adaptation, 10.7%
- failure of adaptation.
The analysis of the tension index dynamics as a function of professional work
experience has shown that all work experienced groups of library staff had an unsat-
isfactory adaptation and Index of regulatory system tension values, respectively were
as follows: in the young work experienced group - 274,7 ± 36,8 standard units, in the
middle work experienced group - 205,6 ± 25,1 standard units, in the old work experi-
enced group - 325,2 ± 44,4 standard units.
Meanwhile in the first work experience group in 16.5% of inspected people was
found state of a satisfactory adaptation, in 16.5% - tension of adaptation mechanisms,
in 66.6% - unsatisfactory adaptation. In the group with work experience of 5 to 10
years, 25% of expected people had a satisfactory adaptation, 75% - unsatisfactory ad-
aptation. 10% of library staff with experience 10 years and more than 10 years had a
satisfactory adaptation, 10% - tension of adaptation mechanisms, 80% - unsatisfactory
adaptation.
Increase of Index of regulatory system tension indicates that the work activities
of brainwork people, accompanied by a high neuro-emotional tension, carried out at
the cost of tension and over-tension regulatory systems of the organism, especially in
elder work experience group.
Analysis of gradation on Index of regulatory system tension set belonging 2.6%
of special school teachers to vagotonics (IQ <60 standard units), 34.2% were normo-
tonics (60>IN<180 standard units), 63.2% - people with dominated sympathetic sec-
tion of the nervous system (IQ> 180).
In 42.85% of the special school teachers with work experience of 5 years in the
regulation of the cardiovascular system was found a moderate dominance of the sym-
pathetic nervous system, in 14.3% - marked dominance of the sympathetic nervous
system, in 42.85% of the teachers the first work experience group - the impact of both
parts of the nervous system was balanced. In the group with experience of 5 to 10
years in 57.1% of inspected people was found a vegetative balance of the two sections
vegetative nervous system, in 14.3% - a moderate dominance of the parasympathetic
section of VNS, in 14.3% - a moderate dominance of the sympathetic section of the
VNS, and 14, 3% - marked dominance of sympathetic division of the VNS.
In the inspected teacher group with experience more than 10 years and more
were registered the following activity ratios of different VNS parts: in 25% of teachers
was found vegetative balance of VNS parts, in 58.3% - a moderate dominance of the
Somatic nervous system and in 16.7% of cases was found the marked dominance of
the SNS.
In determining the level of the ratio of VNS parts activity in the group of library
NATURAL SCIENCES AND MEDICINE
28
№ 3 (63), 2014
Regional Bulletin of the East
staff set 25% of the inspected people belonging to the normotonics, 75% - people with
dominated sympathetic parts of the nervous system.
Meanwhile 66.6% of the library staff with work experience up to 5 years of age
in the regulation of the cardiovascular system was found a moderate dominance of the
sympathetic nervous system, in 33.3% of inspected people - effect of both parts of the
nervous system was balanced.
In the second work experience group in 25% of inspected people was found a
vegetative balance of the two VNS parts, 75% - moderate dominance of sympathetic
parts of the VNS. In the group of inspected elder work experience group were regis-
tered the following ratios of VNS parts activity: in 20% of the library staff was found
a vegetative balance of VNS parts, 60% - moderate dominance of SNS, 20% - marked
dominance of SNS.
In most of the inspected people the observed tone increasing of the sympathetic
regulation circuit by the heart rate indicates the incompleteness and less adaptation of
the heart functionality and autonomous control mechanisms of its activities, about the
clear mechanisms dominance of extracardiac heart rate regulation (increasing activity
of adrenergic mechanisms in the neurohumoral circuit of the regulation).
It seems that in order to increase the needs of the brain in the process of brain-
work local population there is a change from the heart. These mechanisms of regula-
tion, according to the literature, carry the risk of overload and failure of adaptation to
the subsequent development of somatic changes of internal organs [6-9].
Conclusion. Thus, informational tension of people employed in brainwork leads
to the cumulation of fatigue and overwork in the structure regulation of the heart rate
as evidenced the tendency of all indicators change of heart rate towards the sympa-
thetic activation of the vegetative nervous system (growth of AMo, Index of regulatory
system tension, Index vegetative balance indicators).
The dynamics of changes in the vegetative status of the organism of people em-
ployed in brainwork during work activity is seen as a process of interaction between
the vegetative and myocardial-hemodynamic homeostasis. Occupational factors influ-
ence on the organism is realized in the form of cardio-vascular reaction through the
autonomic homeostasis, which shifts from one side to another.
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
1. Даян А.В. Реакция сердечной деятельности старшеклассников школ с диффе-
ренцированным обучением на экзаменационный стресс / А.В. Даян, А.О. Оганнисян,
Э.С. Геворкян и др. // Физиология человека. – 2003. – Т. 29. – №2. – С. 37-43.
2. Kelsey R.M., Soderlund K., Arthur C.M. Cardiovascular reactivity and adaptation to
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