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thoracic cavity into the triangle of the neck and covers the top
of lungs is called cervical pleura.
Syntopy of cervical pleura:
● posteriorly – a. vertebralis, ganglion cervicale inferior and
ductus thoracicus from the (left), head and neck of 1st rib
(caput costae) and m. longus colli are covered with
prevertebral fascia to which the cervical pleura is fixed by lig.
transversopleurale (from the transverse process of VII cervical
vertebra to the cervical pleura), lig. vertebropleurale (from the
anterior surface of 1st thoracic vertebra to the posterior
surface of cervical pleura). These ligaments are crossed for
mobilization of upper part of lungs;
● outside and anteriorly – mm. scaleni;
● outside – brachial plexus;
● inside from the right – truncus brachiocephalicus;
● inside from the left – a. carotis communis sinistra;
● in front and on the top – a. subclavia;
● in front – v. subclavia;
● posteriorly and outside – trachea and esophagus.
Costal part of pleura adheres to the endothoracic fascia and
is separated from it by the layer of subpleural cellular tissue.
It is mostly developed in the posterior parts of spinal
column and easily separates together with pleural sac in case
of urgent access to the organs of posterior mediastinum.
In the anterior division subpleural tissue is very thin and it's
almost impossible to separate it from endothoracic fascia.
Mediastinal part of parietal pleura in the inferior frontal part
attaches to the pericard with which it is bound with poorly
marked tissue. There is phrenic nerve with a. et
vv.
pericardiacophrenicae in the tissue.
The anterior edge of pleura is the transition line of costal
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