dictionaries, i.e. lists of words, each of which is followed by a record of its frequency
of occurrence in one or several sets of reading matter. A rhyming dictionary is also a
general dictionary, though arranged in inverse order, and so is a thesaurus in spite of
its unusual arrangement. General dictionaries are contrasted
to special dictionaries
whose stated aim is to cover only a certain specific part of the vocabulary.
Special dictionaries may be further subdivided depending on whether the words
are chosen according to the sphere of human activity in which they are used (technical
dictionaries), the type of the units themselves (e. g. phraseological dictionaries) or the
relationships existing between them (e.g. dictionaries of synonyms).
The first subgroup embraces specialised dictionaries which register and explain
technical terms for various branches of knowledge, art and trade: linguistic, medical,
technical, economical terms, etc. Unilingual books of this type giving definitions of
terms are called glossaries.
The second subgroup deals with specific
language units, i.e. with phraseology,
abbreviations, neologisms, borrowings, surnames, toponyms, proverbs and sayings,
etc.
The third subgroup contains synonymic dictionaries. Dictionaries recording the
complete vocabulary of some author are called poncordances. They should be
distinguished from those that deal only with difficult words, i.e. glossaries. To this
group are also referred dialect dictionaries and dictionaries of Americanisms.
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