Participle
Simple
Form
Simple
Past
Past
Participle
1. be
was, were
been
51.
lie
lay
lain
2. become
became
become
52.
light
lit (lighted) lit (lighted)
3. begin
began
begun
53.
lose
lost
lost
4. bend
bent
bent
54.
make
made
made
5. bite
bit
bitten
55.
mean
meant
meant
6. blow
blew
blown
56.
I meet
met
met
7. break
broke
broken
57.
pay
paid
paid
8. bring
brought
brought
58.
put
put
put
9. broadcast
broadcast
broadcast
59.
quit
quit
quit
10. build
built
built
60.
read
read
read
11. buy
bought
bought
61.
ride
rode
ridden
12. catch
caught
caught
62.
ring
rang
rung
13. choose
chose
chosen
63.
rise
rose
risen
14. come
came
come
64.
run
ran
run
15. cost
cost
cost
65.
say
said
said
16. cut
cut
cut
66.
see
saw
seen
17. dig
dug
dug
67.
sell
sold
sold
18. do
did
done
68.
send
sent
sent
19. draw
drew
drawn
69.
set
set
set
20. drink
drank
drunk
70.
shake
shook
shaken
21. drive
drove
driven
71.
shoot
shot
shot
22. eat
ate
eaten
72.
shut
shut
shut
23. fall
fell
fallen
73.
sing
sang
sung
24. feed
fed
fed
74.
sit
sat
sat
25. feel
felt
felt
75.
sleep
slept
slept
26. fight
fought
fought
76.
slide
slid
slid
27. find
found
found
77.
speak
spoke
spoken
28. fit
fit
fit
78.
spend
spent
spent
29. fly
flew
flown
79.
spread
spread
spread
30. forget
forgot
forgotten
80.
stand
stood
stood
31. forgive
forgave
forgiven
81.
steal
stole
stolen
32. freeze
froze
frozen
82.
stick
stuck
stuck
33. get
got
gotten
(got)
83.
strike
struck
struck
34. give
gave
given
84.
swear
swore
sworn
35. go
went
gone
85.
sweep
swept
swept
36. grow
grew
grown
86.
swim
swam
swum
37. hang
hung
hung
87.
take
took
taken
38. have
had
had
88.
teach
taught
taught
30
39. hear
heard
heard
89.
tear
tore
torn
40. hide
hid
hidden
90.
tell
told
told
41. hit
hit
hit
91.
think
thought
thought
42. hold
held
held
92.
throw
threw
thrown
43. hurt
hurt
hurt
93.
understand
understood understood
44. keep
kept
kept
94.
upset
upset
upset
45. know
knew
known
95.
wake
woke
waked
(woken)
46. lay
laid
laid
96.
wear
wore
worn
47. lead
led
led
97.
win
won
won
48. leave
left
left
98.
withdraw
withdrew
withdrawn
49. lend
lent
lent
99.
write
wrote
written
50. let
let
let
EXERCISE 13. Complete the sentences by using Past Simple of the given verbs. Use
each verb only one time.
bite
feel
leave
draw
revolutionize make
drive
get
discover
develop
hear
be
take
ride
forget
Mary walked to school today. Rebecca drove her car. Alison _____ her bicycle.
Sandy _____ the bus.
1. Dick _____ his apartment in a hurry this morning because he was late for
school. That's why he _____ to bring his books to class.
2. The children _____ pictures of themselves in art class yesterday.
3. I have a cold. Yesterday I _____ terrible, but I'm feeling better today.
4. Last night I _____ a strange noise in the house around 2:00 A.M., so I _____ up
to investigate.
5. My dog isn't very friendly. Yesterday she _____ my neighbor's leg. Luckily, my
dog is very old and doesn't have sharp teeth, so she didn't hurt my neighbor.
6. The Greek mathematician Archimedes _____ the father of geometry. He _____ the
value of pi.
7. The work of Italian scientist Galileo Galilei (known as Galileo) _____ astronomy.
8. Galileo _____ the telescope and _____ important discoveries about the planets and
the sun.
EXERCISE 14. Complete the sentences. Use Present Simple.
1. The four basic operations of arithmetic _____ addition, subtraction, multiplication,
and division. (be)
2. Air is a mixture of gases that _____ the Earth and _____ all life on it. (to surround,
to support)
3. The sequence of 2, 4, 6, 8 _____ a sequence of even numbers.
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EXERCISE 15. Fill in the gaps with proper verbs in proper tenses.
develop, be, write, use
WRITING NUMBERS
The ancient Egyptians _____ using special symbols, known as pictographs, to write
down numbers over 3,000 years ago. Later the Romans _____ a system of numerals
that used letters from their alphabet rather than special symbols. Today, we _____
numbers based on the Hindu – Arabic system. We can _____ down any number using
combinations of up to 10 different symbols (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9).
EXERCISE 16. Answer the questions about you with a short answer and some more
information.
Do you speak three languages?
Yes, I do. I speak Kazakh, German, and Russian.
No, I don't. I only speak two, Kazakh and Russian.
1. Are you having a holiday soon?
2. Did you have a good holiday last year?
3. Have you ever been to a foreign country?
4. Do you often travel abroad?
5. Does your best friend sometimes go on holiday with you?
EXERCISE 17. The forms of be, do, and have. Read the sentences.
Present Simple
I speak English.
I don't speak Spanish.
Do you speak English?
My father speaks English .
My mother doesn't speak English.
Does your father speak English?
Continue these sentences in the same way.
Present Simple
1 I like skiing.
I _______ snowboarding.
_______ you _______?
My father _______.
My mother _______.
_______ your father _______?
Present Continuous
2. I'm studying English.
_______ Spanish.
______________
______________
32
______________
______________
Past Simple
3. I saw the Empire State Building.
_______ the Statue of Liberty.
______________
______________
______________
______________
Present Perfect
4. I've met Muhammad Ali.
________ Pele.
______________
______________
______________
______________
EXERCISE 18. Reply to these statements with a suitable question.
Joan’s writing an email. - Who's she writing to?
1. David speaks four languages. ____________?
2. I got some lovely presents for my birthday. ____________?
3. Joy and Eric paid a lot of money for their house. ____________?
4. Bob's cat has just had kittens. ____________?
5. Jackie's going to the cinema on Saturday. ____________?
6. Mark's going shopping. ____________?
7. We had a wonderful holiday. ____________?
8. My job's really interesting. ____________?
9. Laura's talking on the phone. ____________?
EXERCISE 19. Complete the sentences with the correct auxiliary in the positive or
negative.
Liz likes sushi, but Mark doesn’t.
I don't like chocolate, but Sasha does.
1. I've been to America, but Carlos _____.
2. Sandra isn't going to college, but I _____.
3. Steven loves skateboarding, but we _____.
4. I heard the news last night, but my mother _____.
5. Anara hasn't finished her work, but we _____.
6. I don't want to go to the gym, but they _____.
33
7. They didn't write to me, but you _____.
8. Your English is really improving, but mine _____.
Chart 2. Auxiliary + the Simple Form of a Verb. A Reference List.
Can, could, may, might, should, had better, must, will, and would are
followed by the simple form of a verb. They are NOT followed by to
.
can
(a) I can speak English.
could
(b) He couldn't come to class.
may
(c) It may rain tomorrow.
might
(d) It might rain tomorrow.
should
(e) Mary should study harder. (The main verb never has a final “s”)
had better (f) I had better study tonight.
must
(g) Joe must see a doctor today.
Will
(h) I will be in class tomorrow.
would
(i) Would you please close the door?
Chart 3. Auxiliary + to + the Simple Form of a Verb. A Reference List.
Have, have got, and ought are followed by an infinitive (to + the simple form of
a verb)
have to
(j) I have to study tonight.
have got to (k) I have got to study tonight.
ought to
(1) Kate ought to study harder.
EXERCISE 20. Add to where necessary. If no to is necessary, write 0 in the
blank.
I have to go downtown tomorrow.
Tom can 0 play soccer.
1. We may _____ go to Argentina for our vacation.
2. Will you please _____ mail this letter for me?
3. Tom and I might _____ play tennis after work tomorrow.
4. You had better _____ see a doctor.
5. We can _____ go shopping tomorrow.
6. The students have _____ take a test next Friday.
34
EXERCISE 21. Use can.
1. What abilities and talents do you have? Tell the class about some of the things you
can do. Can you swim? Whistle? Play the piano? Cook?
2. Tell the class about some abilities or talents that you don't have – things that you
can't do.
EXERCISE 22. Answer the questions. Include at least three possibilities in the
answer to a question, using may, might, and maybe as in the example.
Question: What are you going to do tomorrow? Response: I don't know. I may go
downtown. Or I might go to the technopark. Maybe I'll study all day. Who knows?
1. What are you going to do tomorrow night?
2. What's the weather going to be like tomorrow?
3. What is ( . . . ) going to do tonight?
4. What does ( . . . ) have in her bag?
5. What does ( . . . ) have in his pants pockets?
6. ( . . . ) isn't in class today. Where is he/she?
7. You have another class after this one. What are you going to do in that class?
8. We have a vacation (during a certain time). What are you going to do during
vacation?
10. What are you going to do this weekend?
11. What is ( . . . ) going to do after class today?
12. What are you going to do after you graduate?
EXERCISE 23. Ask a classmate a polite question. Use may I, could I, or can I.
Example:
(...) has a book. You want to see it for a minute.
STUDENT A:
May/Could/Can I (please) see your book for a minute?
STUDENTS:
Of course. /Sure. /etc.
STUDENT A:
Thank you. /Thanks.
1. (...) has a dictionary. You want to see it for a minute.
2. (...) has a pen. You want to use it for a minute.
3. (...) has a calculator. You want to borrow it.
4. (...) has a camera. You want to see it for a minute.
5. You are at (... )'s house. You want to use the phone.
6. (...) is carrying some heavy packages. What are you going to say to him/ her?
7. You are speaking to one of your teachers. You want to leave class early today.
EXERCISE 24.Ask a classmate a polite question.
Example:
You want someone to open the door.
STUDENT A:
(...), would/could/will/can you please open the door?
STUDENT B:
Certainly./Sure./I'd be happy to./etc.
STUDENT A:
Thank you./Thanks.
35
You want someone to...
1. close the door.
6. lend you a quarter.
2. lend you his/her eraser.
7. help you.
3. tell you the time.
8. spell (a particular word) for you.
4. hand you (something).
9. hold your books for a minute.
5. shut the window.
10. give (something) to (...).
11.(...) is at your apartment. The phone is ringing, but your hands are full. You want
him/her to answer it for you.
12.You and (...) are on vacation together. You'd like to have a picture of the two of
you together. You see a stranger who looks friendly. You want her to take a picture
of you.
13.You wrote a letter to a university. You want your teacher to read it and correct the
mistakes.
14.(...) is going to the library. You want him/her to return a book for you.
15.(...) and you are at (name of a local cafe). You want (...) to lend you (a certain
amount of money).
EXERCISE 25: Complete the sentences. Use shouldn't + the expressions in the list or
your own words.
be cruel to animals
give too much homework
be late for an appointment
miss any classes
drive a long distance
smoke
exceed the speed limit
throw trash out of your car window
If you are tired, you shouldn't drive a long distance.
1. Cigarette smoking is dangerous to your health. You _______.
2. A good driver _______.
3. A teacher _______.
4. A student _______.
5. Animals have feelings, too. You _______.
6. It is important to be punctual. You _______.
EXERCISE 26. Complete the dialogues. Use should, ought to, or had better. Choose
from the expressions in the list or use your own words.
marry somebody who is rich
hold your breath
call the landlord and complain
put cotton in your ears
call the police
see a dentist
drink a glass of water
send her a dozen roses
find a new apartment
soak it in cold water
find a new girlfriend
speak English outside of class
get a job
take it back to the store
go back to the restaurant and ask if
use a dictionary when he writes
someone found them
watch TV a lot
36
A: I have a toothache. This tooth hurts. What should I do?
B: You should/ ought to /had better see a dentist.
1. A: I have the hiccups. What should I do?
2. A: Alina wants to improve her English. What should she do?
3. A: Someone stole my bicycle. What should I do?
4. A: I cut my finger. I got blood on my sweater. My finger is okay, but I'm worried
about my sweater. What should I do?
5. A: Tom's spelling isn't very good. He makes a lot of mistakes when he writes
compositions. What should he do?
6. A: Ann bought a new tape recorder. After two days, it stopped working.
What should she do?
7. A: The refrigerator in my apartment doesn't work. The stove doesn't
work. The air conditioner doesn't work. And there are cockroaches in the
kitchen. What should I do?
8. A: I asked Mary to marry me. She said no. What should I do?
9. A: I left my sunglasses at a restaurant yesterday. What should I do?
10. A: My roommate snores. I can't get to sleep at night. What should I do?
EXERCISE 27. Complete the sentences. Use have to, has to, or had to in each of
them.
I went downtown yesterday because I had to go to the Central Department
Store.
1. I can't go to the movie tonight because __________.
2. I couldn't go to Pete's party last Saturday because __________.
3. Josh can't go downtown with us this afternoon because __________.
4. When I was in high school, __________.
5. If you want to travel abroad, __________.
6. I'm sorry I was absent from class yesterday, but __________.
EXERCISE 28. Complete the sentences. Use have to, has to, or don’t have to in
each of them.
1. You _______ cross the street. The house is on this side.
2. He _______ leave the house early as he lives far from here.
3. I don’t like to get up early, but I _______.
4. I _______ take the bus to work. The office is near my house.
5. This job is urgent. We _______work very quickly.
EXERCISE 29. Give true answers to the questions. Use have to or don’t have to.
1. Do you have to get up very early on weekdays? Why do you/ don’t you?
2. Do you usually have to do a lot of work at the university?
3. Do you have to study a lot at home every day?
4. Do you have to get textbooks from the library?
5. Do you always have to use the dictionary when you do home assignments in
English?
6. Do you have to take courses that you don’t like? What are they?
37
7. Do you have to spend a lot of time indoors every day?
8. Do you have to travel by bus to the university?
EXERCISE 30: Make logical conclusions. Use must or must not.
I am at Eric's apartment door. I've knocked on the door and have rung the
doorbell several times. Nobody has answered the door, (at home?)
- Eric must not be at home.
1. David goes to the video store and rents three movies every night, (like movies a
lot? spend much time with his friends and family in the evenings?)
- David_____________________________________.
2. Jennifer reads all the time. She sits in a corner and reads even when people come
to visit her. (love books? like books better than people?)
- Jennifer_____________________________________.
3. Jake called Betsy and asked her to go to a movie. Betsy told him that she had to
study. She has just hung up, and now she's going to get ready for bed and go to
sleep, (want to go to a movie? be tired? want to hurt Jake's feelings?)
- Betsy_____________________________________.
4. The teacher just asked Jason a question. Jason is looking down at the floor and
not answering. His ears are getting red. (know the answer? Be embarrassed?)
- Jason_____________________________________.
5. Debbie just got home from school. She slammed the front door, threw her books
on the floor, and ran to her room. Now her parents can hear music through Debbie's
closed door, (be upset? want to be alone? want to talk to her parents right now? like
loud music?)
- Debbie_____________________________________.
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