Практический курс английского языка 2 курс
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КЛЮЧИ , 2 курс-аракин
| Ex. 15, p. 443
Comments 1. The Past Indefinite ( looked ) is used to express a single action in the past, and the Present Perfect Continuous Exclusive (has been happening) serves to express an action of some duration which began in the past and stopped shortly before the moment of speaking. 2. The Past Indefinite (made) is used to state a simple fact in the past, and the Present Perfect Durative (Exclusive) (have been) serves to express an action which began before the moment of speaking and continues into it. This grammatical meaning is mostly conveyed by means of the Present Perfect Continuous, but with verbs which are not normally used in Continuous forms, such as the verb to be, the Present Perfect Durative is found instead. 3. The Present Indefinite (think and am) is used to express actions in progress at the moment of speaking with the verb to think which is non-progressive when it means to suppose, to consider, to believe, etc. and with the verb to be which in most cases does not admit of Continuous forms either. The Present Continuous (is wondering) is used to express an action going on at the moment of speaking. 4. The Past Indefinite (woke up and said) is used to denote a succession of past actions. The Present Perfect Resultative (Exclusive) (Have I been asleep?) expresses an action that began in the past, continued for some time and has just stopped. 5. The Present Indefinite expresses an action in progress at the moment of speaking with the verb hope which is mostly used as a non-progressive one, unless the speaker wants to sound very emphatic. The Present Perfect Resultative (Exclusive) (haven't disturbed) is used to denote a past action connected with the present through its result. The Past Indefinite (weren't asleep, were you?) is used because the action took place during a finished period of time. 6. The Present Perfect Resultative (have grown) is used because the past action in question is connected with the present through its results (has clear consequences in the present). The Past Indefinite is used denote a single past action (said) and to state a simple past fact (to denote a past state) (was). The Past Perfect (had changed) used to denote a prior action (an action that was completed befоre the given moment in the past). 7. The Present Indefinite (is) used to state a simple fact in the present (to denote a present state). The Present Perfect Continuous (have been keeping) serve to express an action of some duration which stopped just before the moment of speaking (an action which began before the moment of speaking, continued for some time and stopped shortly before the speaker mentioned it). 8. The Past Indefinite (loved is used to express a simple fact in the past. The structure used t feed expresses a habitual action in the past. So does the for would+Infinitive (would ring and would come). The only difference between the two is that the latter conveys an addition modal colouring of will or perseverance. 9. The Past Continuous (was calling) is used to express an action in progress at the give moment in the past, and the Past Perfect (had dropped) serves t express a prior action. 10. The Present Indefinite (speak and do) is used to denote a habitual action in the present. 11. The Pas Indefinite is used to denote a succession of past actions. 12. The Past Indefinite (said) is used to state a simple past fact (to denot a single past action). In What did you say? the Past Indefinite i used rather than the Present Perfect because the time when the action took place is definite in the minds of both the speaker and listener, that is they know when the words were uttered and' regard that moment as a finished period of time. 13. The Past Indefinite is used in the when- clause ( l e f t ) and in the principal clause (asked) because the past action in the principal clause follows shortly after the past action of the when- clause. The Past Perfect Continuous (had been telling) is used in the relative subordinate clause to denote a prior action of some duration that continued up to the given moment in past. 14. The Present Indefinite (Do you know?) is used to denote a present state, and the Future Indefinite (will be out) serves to express a future state. The Past Indefinite (looked out and was) is used to state simple past facts. Translation 1. Она изумленно посмотрела на меня, словно спрашивая: «Что со мною было?» 2. От тихих звуков ее голоса он задрожал. «Мне кажется, я знаю вас уже много лет», — промолвила она. 3. А теперь, папа, мне, пожалуй, лучше вернуться, а то мама, наверное, уже гадает, куда я подевался. 4. Потом она проснулась и спросила: «Я что, спала?» 5. Надеюсь, я вас не побеспокоил. Ведь вы же не спали? 6. «Как ты выросла!» — сказал Рэндал. Так оно и было. Она изменилась. 7. О господи! Что это за звуки? Да это же бой часов! 8. «Стив любил птиц, — сказала Миранда. — Он всегда, бывало, кормил их. Каждое утро звонил в колокольчик, и они прилетали ». 9. Ветер немного утих, и где-то за домом куковала кукушка. 10. Вы, как всегда, заставляете меня смотреть в лицо реальности. Все, что вы говорили, совершенно верно. 11. Эмма сняла очки и отложила вязание в сторону, потом закрыла глаза и погладила своими длинными пальцами сомкнутые веки. 12. Она встрепенулась: «Извини, Люси, что ты сказала?» 13. Когда Френсис и Фой ушли, Кэтрин спросила Льюиса, что они рассказывали ему про молодого Люка. 14. Вы не знаете, когда будут известны результаты? 15. Он посмотрел на часы. Пора было входить. Милдред, должно быть, уже ждала его. жүктеу/скачать 1,21 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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