Редакция ал қ
жүктеу/скачать 3,55 Mb. Pdf көрінісі
|
ﺍﺪﻟﻮﻤﻳﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﺳﻭﺩ
ﻳﺎﺳ ﺎ ﺕﺎﺳ
ﺖﺴﻴﻟﺎﻧﺭﯟﺟ ،ﻰﺷﯟﻧﺎﺗ ﯔﯩﺘﻜﯨﺩﺰﯩﺴﻟﻩﯞﺎﺗ ﻩﺩﺰﯩﻣﻪﺑﻮﺗ ،ﭗﯩﺗﺍ ﻰﯕﺎﺗ ﻕﺍ ﯔﯩﺘﻘﯩﺘﺗﺍﺯﺍ ،ﭗﯩﻟﺍﺪﻨﯨﺭﻭ ﻰﻧﺎﻣﺭﺍ ﻰﻌﻳﻮﺑ ﺭﻻﺮﯩﺳﺎﻋ ﯔﯨﺩﺭﻻﺎﺑﺎﺑ ﻯﺩﻩﺮﯩﺒﻟﻪﺟ ﻯﯟﺗ ﻙﻮﻛ . ﻚﯨﺩﻪﺘﻜﯩﺗ ﻯﺩﺰﯩﻣﻪﺴﯕﻩ ،ﭗﯩﻟﻮﺑ ﻝﻩ ﻥﻪﻣﻪﮔﻩ . ﯔﯨﺩﺰﯩﻤﯩﺤﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻱﺎﺑ ء ،ﭖﺍﺪﻣﺎﻋﺎﺑ ﻦﯨﺭﺎﺑ ﻌﻟﺎﻨﻳﺍ ﺎﻘﻗﺍﺪﯕﺎﺘﻗﺍ ﻥﻪﻨﯨﺮﯩﺳﻪﻛ ﯔﯩﻨﻧﺎﻣﺍﺯ ﺭﻪﻛ ﻥﻪﻜﺗﻪﻛ ﻪﻜﺳﻪﻤﻟﻪﻛ ،ﭖﻩﺪﻧﻪﮔﯘﺗ ﻦﯩﻋﻮﺟ ﺎﺘﻳﺎﻗ ﺍﺩﺰﯩﻤﯨﺩﺎﺟ ﻦﯨﺭﺎﺘﺳﯘﺗ ﻥﺎ ﺰﯩﻣﺮﯩﺗﺎﺟ ﭗﯩﺗﺮﯩﻌﯕﺎﺟ . ﺘﺴﯨ ﺲﯩﻣﯘﺟ ﭖﻮﻛ ﻩﺩ ﻰﻟﺍ ﺎﺘﺳﯘﺗ ﻝﯘﺑ ﻯﺪﻠﯩﻛﻪﺳ ﻙﻩﺭﻪﻛ ﻯﯟﻟﻪ . ﻦﯩﻳﻩﺩ ﻥﺎﻋﯘﺑ ﻲﺤﻳﺭﺎﺗ
ﯔﯨﺩﺰﯩﻤﯨﺭﻻﺎﺑﺎﺑ ﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻥﻪﮕﻟﻪﻛ ﭗﯩﻠﯩﺘﻳﺍ ﺍﺪﻨﯨﺯﯞﺍ ﻖﯩﻟﺎﺣ ﻪﺳﻪﻨﯩﺑﻮﻛ ﻯﺭﻮﮔ ﻥﻩﺩﺭﻪﺘﺗﻪﻤﯩﻟﺎﻣ ،ﻙﻩﺭﻩﺩ ء ﯔﯩﻨﯨﺮﯩﺑ ﻚﯩﻟﺭﻩ ء ﯩﯕﺎﺟ ﻯﺩﺭﻻﻭ ﻪﻧ ﯞﺮﯩﺴﭘﺎﺟ ﻪﻨﯩﺴﯩﺸﻨﯩﻛﻩ ﻦﯩﺴﯨ ﻯﺪﻟﻪﻛ ﭗﯩﻟﺍ ﻦﯨﺭﻭ ﯞﺎﺗﺍ ﺲﯩﻠ . ﻰﺳﻭ ﻥﺎﻌﻟﺎﺳﺎﺟ ﺎﻘﺤﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻱﻩﺪﻧﻪﮕﻟﻪﻛ ﺯﻪﻛ ﻦﯩﺘﻳﻩﺯﯘﺗ ﻰﺘﺗﺎﻧﺎﻴﻗ .
ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻗﺍﺯﺎﻗ ﻦﯩﻳﻩﺩ ﺎﻘﺘﯩﻗﺍﯞ ﻰﺳﻭ
ﺎﻴﻟﻮﻌﯕﻮﻣ ،ﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﺘﭘﺎﺘﯩﻛ ﺮﯩﺒﻳﻪﻛ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻮﻛ ﻖﯨﺭﺎﺟ ﺍﺩ
ﺭﻻﻻﺎﻗﺎﻣ ،ﺍﺩ ﺍﺩ
ﺳﺎﺒﻟﻮﻗ ،ﯞﺍﺮﯩﺟ ﻰﺘﻗﺎﺗﺍ ﻥﺎﻘﻘﯩﺷ ﻥﺎﻨﯨﯞﺭ ﻰﻠﻳﺎﻣﺎﺷﺍ ﯔﯨﺪﻳﻩﺭﻪﻛ ﻣ ﻰﻟﯗ ﻱﺎﺒﯩﻟﻮﺗ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻰﺸ ﻥﻪ
ﻰﻟﯗ ﻙﻪﺒﯩﻧﺎﺟ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻘﻘﯩﺷ ﻥﺎﻨﯨﯞﺭ ﺮﯩﻌﻳﺍﺭﺎﺑﯘﺷ ﯔﯨﺪﻳﻩﺭﻪﻛ -
ﻖﯨﺪﻨﯩﺷ ﻲﺤﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻰﺘﺴﯩﺗﺎﻗ ﻪﻨﯨﯞﻪﻛﻩ ﻯﺪﻟﻪﻛ ﭗﯩﻧﻻﺎﻣﺭﯘﺑ ﺭﻼﻳﺍﺪﻋﺎﺟ . ﺭﺎﺗ
ﺭﺎﺑ ﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﻰﻛﻩ ﺎﺘﺤﻳ :
ء ﻯﺮﯩﺑ
-
ﻥﺎﻨﯨﯞﺭ ﻰﻠﻳﺎﻣﺎﺷﺍ ﯔﯨﺪﻳﻩﺭﻪﻛ ﻰﻠﯩﮕﻳﺍ ﻥﺎﻘﻘﯩﺷ » ﻢﯩﻟﻩ - ﻱﺍ ! « ء ﺑ ﯞﺍﺮﯩﺟ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﻯﺭﻮﺗﯙﺍ ﯔﯩﻨﯩﻧﺍ ﻰﺴﯩﺸﻨﯩﻛﻩ ،ﺎﺴﻟﻮ -
ﯔﯨﺪﻳﻩﺭﻪﻛ ﻕﺎﺑﺍ ﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﻥﺎﻘﻘﯩﺷ ﻥﺎﻨﯨﯞﺭ ﺮﯩﻌﻳﺍﺭﺎﺑﯘﺷ . ﻱﻪﻟﻪﻜﯩﺗ ﯔﯨﺩﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﻰﻛﻩ ،ﻥﺎﺘﻘﯨﺪﻧﺎﻌﻟﻮﺑ ﺱﺎﺘﺗﺍ ﻰﻧﻪﮔﻪﻟﻪﺗﻪﺟ ﺎﻋﯞﺍﺩ ﺱﻪﭙﺘﯩﺑ ﻩﺪﻳﻪﻛ ،ﻪﻜﻜﯩﻠﯩﺷﯞﻪﭙﺴﯩﻨﯩﺳﯘﺗ ﻦﯨﺭﺎﺘﻗﺎﭘﺭﯗ -
ﻖﯨﺪﻨﯩﺷ .
ﻯﺪﻧﻩ » ؟ﺭﻩﺪﻤﯩﻛ ﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﻰﻛﻩ ﻰﺳﻭ « ﺎﺴﻟﻮﺑ ﺭﻪﻟﻪﻛ ﻪﮕﻧﻪﮔﻩﺩ ﻩﺩ ﻯﯞﻪﻛﻩ ،ﻕ -
ﺭﺎﻌﯕﻮﺟ ﺍﺪﻨﯩﻧﺎﻣﺍﺯ ء ﻰﻧﺎﻌﻟﻮﺑ ﺭﻻﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻰﺘﻗﺎﺗﺍ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﯘﺳ ﺮﯩﻣﻭ -
ﻖﯨﺪﻨﯩﺷ ﻲﺤﻳﺭﺎﺗ . ﻰﺘﻗﺎﺗﺍ ﻥﺎﻘﻘﯩﺷ ﻥﻩﺪﻳﻩﺭﻪﻛ ﻰﻠﻳﺎﻣﺎﺷﺍ ﻰﻟﯗ ﻱﺎﺒﯩﻟﻮﺗ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ،ﯞﺍﺮﯩﺟ 1663
- 1763
- ﻯﺭﺍﺪﻠﯩﺟ
ء ﻥﺎﻘﻘﯩﺷ ﻥﻩﺪﻳﻩﺭﻪﻛ ﻕﺎﺑﺍ ،ﺎﺴﻟﻮﺑ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﯘﺳ ﺮﯩﻣﻭ ﻰﻟﯗ ﻙﻪﺒﯩﻧﺎﺟ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ 1723
- 1785
- ﺍﺭﺍ ﻯﺭﺍﺪﻠﯩﺟ ﺍﺪﻨﯩﻌﯩﻟ ﻰﺘﭙﯨﺭﯘﺳ ﺮﯩﻣﻭء . ﻩﺩ ﻯﯞﻪﻛﻩ
ﻰﺳﺭﺎﻗ ﺎﻋﺭﺎﻌﯕﻮﺟ ﻪﺘﺳﻩﺭﯘﻛ ء ﻯﺮﯩﺑ -
،ﺕﺭﺎﻗ ء ﻯﺮﯩﺑ
-
ﻥﻪﻜﺳﯘﺗ ﻪﮔﺯﻮﻛ ﻩﺪﻨﯩﺗﻩﺭ ﺯﺎﺑﺭﺎﺳ ﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﺱﺎﺟ . ﯞﺍﺮﯩﺟ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ 1663 -
» ﻪﺑﻮﺘﻟﯘﻛ
« ﻥﻪﮔﻩﺩ
ﺍﺪﻨﯩﺳﺎﺒﺗﻭ ﯔﯩﻨﯩﺸﻨﯩﺳ ﻱﺎﺒﯩﻟﻮﺗ ﻩﺪﻨﯨﺭﻪﺟ ﻥﻪﮕﻟﻪﻛ ﻪﮔﻪﻴﻧﯗﺩ . ﻪﺑﻪﺷﻮﻛ ﻪﺸﯩﺒﻳﺎﺑ ﯔﯨﺪﻳﻩﺭﻪﻛ ﻰﻠﻳﺎﻣﺎﺷﺍ ﺯﯘﺟ ﺎﺗﺭﻭ ﻱﺎﺒﯩﻟﻮﺗ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﻦﯩﻗﺍ ﺎﻤﻟﺎﺴﭙﯨﺮﯨﯟﺳ ﻰﻠﯩﮕﻳﺍ ،ﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻰﺘﻗﺎﺗﺍ ﻥﺎﻘﻘﯩﺷ ﻥﺎﻨﯩﺳﺎﭙﻳﺎﺗ ﺭﺍﺯﯞﺎﺗ ﯔﯩﻨﯨﯞﺭ
ﯔﯩﻨﯩﻟﯗ ﻥﺎﻋﺮﯨﺪﻟﺎﻗ ﻦﯩﺗﺍ ﺎﻘﺤﻳﺭﺎﺗ ،ﻥﺎﻘﺘﯩﻧﺎﺗ ﻪﻨﯩﻟﻩ ﻦﯩﻤﯩﺳﻩ -
» ﻢﯩﻟﻩ
- ﻱﺍ ! « ﺮﯩﺟ
- ﻰﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍﺩ
.
ﺵﻮﻛ ﻥﺎﻨﯩﺳﺎﺑ ﯔﯨﺩﯞﺎﺗﺍﺭﺎﻗ ،ﻯﺩﻪﻟﻪﻛ
ﻦﯩﻳﺎﺳ ﻥﻪﻜﺷﻮﻛ ء ،ﻯﺩﻪﻟﻪﻛ ﺱﻮﺑ ﻕﻼﻳﺎﺗ ﺮﯩﺑ
ﺍﺪﻟﻮﻤﻳﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﺳﻭﺩ
ﻳﺎﺳ ﺎ ﺕﺎﺳ
ﺖﺴﻴﻟﺎﻧﺭﯟﺟ ،ﻰﺷﯟﻧﺎﺗ ﯔﯩﺘﻜﯨﺩﺰﯩﺴﻟﻩﯞﺎﺗ ﻩﺩﺰﯩﻣﻪﺑﻮﺗ ،ﭗﯩﺗﺍ ﻰﯕﺎﺗ ﻕﺍ ﯔﯩﺘﻘﯩﺘﺗﺍﺯﺍ ،ﭗﯩﻟﺍﺪﻨﯨﺭﻭ ﻰﻧﺎﻣﺭﺍ ﻰﻌﻳﻮﺑ ﺭﻻﺮﯩﺳﺎﻋ ﯔﯨﺩﺭﻻﺎﺑﺎﺑ ﻯﺩﻩﺮﯩﺒﻟﻪﺟ ﻯﯟﺗ ﻙﻮﻛ . ﻚﯨﺩﻪﺘﻜﯩﺗ ﻯﺩﺰﯩﻣﻪﺴﯕﻩ ،ﭗﯩﻟﻮﺑ ﻝﻩ ﻥﻪﻣﻪﮔﻩ . ﯔﯨﺩﺰﯩﻤﯩﺤﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻱﺎﺑ ء ،ﭖﺍﺪﻣﺎﻋﺎﺑ ﻦﯨﺭﺎﺑ ﻌﻟﺎﻨﻳﺍ ﺎﻘﻗﺍﺪﯕﺎﺘﻗﺍ ﻥﻪﻨﯨﺮﯩﺳﻪﻛ ﯔﯩﻨﻧﺎﻣﺍﺯ ﺭﻪﻛ ﻥﻪﻜﺗﻪﻛ ﻪﻜﺳﻪﻤﻟﻪﻛ ،ﭖﻩﺪﻧﻪﮔﯘﺗ ﻦﯩﻋﻮﺟ ﺎﺘﻳﺎﻗ ﺍﺩﺰﯩﻤﯨﺩﺎﺟ ﻦﯨﺭﺎﺘﺳﯘﺗ ﻥﺎ ﺰﯩﻣﺮﯩﺗﺎﺟ ﭗﯩﺗﺮﯩﻌﯕﺎﺟ . ﺘﺴﯨ ﺲﯩﻣﯘﺟ ﭖﻮﻛ ﻩﺩ ﻰﻟﺍ ﺎﺘﺳﯘﺗ ﻝﯘﺑ ﻯﺪﻠﯩﻛﻪﺳ ﻙﻩﺭﻪﻛ ﻯﯟﻟﻪ . ﻦﯩﻳﻩﺩ ﻥﺎﻋﯘﺑ ﻲﺤﻳﺭﺎﺗ
ﯔﯨﺩﺰﯩﻤﯨﺭﻻﺎﺑﺎﺑ ﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻥﻪﮕﻟﻪﻛ ﭗﯩﻠﯩﺘﻳﺍ ﺍﺪﻨﯨﺯﯞﺍ ﻖﯩﻟﺎﺣ ﻪﺳﻪﻨﯩﺑﻮﻛ ﻯﺭﻮﮔ ﻥﻩﺩﺭﻪﺘﺗﻪﻤﯩﻟﺎﻣ ،ﻙﻩﺭﻩﺩ ء ﯔﯩﻨﯨﺮﯩﺑ ﻚﯩﻟﺭﻩ ء ﯩﯕﺎﺟ ﻯﺩﺭﻻﻭ ﻪﻧ ﯞﺮﯩﺴﭘﺎﺟ ﻪﻨﯩﺴﯩﺸﻨﯩﻛﻩ ﻦﯩﺴﯨ ﻯﺪﻟﻪﻛ ﭗﯩﻟﺍ ﻦﯨﺭﻭ ﯞﺎﺗﺍ ﺲﯩﻠ . ﻰﺳﻭ ﻥﺎﻌﻟﺎﺳﺎﺟ ﺎﻘﺤﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻱﻩﺪﻧﻪﮕﻟﻪﻛ ﺯﻪﻛ ﻦﯩﺘﻳﻩﺯﯘﺗ ﻰﺘﺗﺎﻧﺎﻴﻗ .
ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻗﺍﺯﺎﻗ ﻦﯩﻳﻩﺩ ﺎﻘﺘﯩﻗﺍﯞ ﻰﺳﻭ
ﺎﻴﻟﻮﻌﯕﻮﻣ ،ﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﺘﭘﺎﺘﯩﻛ ﺮﯩﺒﻳﻪﻛ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻮﻛ ﻖﯨﺭﺎﺟ ﺍﺩ
ﺭﻻﻻﺎﻗﺎﻣ ،ﺍﺩ ﺍﺩ
ﺳﺎﺒﻟﻮﻗ ،ﯞﺍﺮﯩﺟ ﻰﺘﻗﺎﺗﺍ ﻥﺎﻘﻘﯩﺷ ﻥﺎﻨﯨﯞﺭ ﻰﻠﻳﺎﻣﺎﺷﺍ ﯔﯨﺪﻳﻩﺭﻪﻛ ﻣ ﻰﻟﯗ ﻱﺎﺒﯩﻟﻮﺗ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻰﺸ ﻥﻪ
ﻰﻟﯗ ﻙﻪﺒﯩﻧﺎﺟ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻘﻘﯩﺷ ﻥﺎﻨﯨﯞﺭ ﺮﯩﻌﻳﺍﺭﺎﺑﯘﺷ ﯔﯨﺪﻳﻩﺭﻪﻛ -
ﻖﯨﺪﻨﯩﺷ ﻲﺤﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻰﺘﺴﯩﺗﺎﻗ ﻪﻨﯨﯞﻪﻛﻩ ﻯﺪﻟﻪﻛ ﭗﯩﻧﻻﺎﻣﺭﯘﺑ ﺭﻼﻳﺍﺪﻋﺎﺟ . ﺭﺎﺗ
ﺭﺎﺑ ﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﻰﻛﻩ ﺎﺘﺤﻳ :
ء ﻯﺮﯩﺑ
-
ﻥﺎﻨﯨﯞﺭ ﻰﻠﻳﺎﻣﺎﺷﺍ ﯔﯨﺪﻳﻩﺭﻪﻛ ﻰﻠﯩﮕﻳﺍ ﻥﺎﻘﻘﯩﺷ » ﻢﯩﻟﻩ - ﻱﺍ ! « ء ﺑ ﯞﺍﺮﯩﺟ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﻯﺭﻮﺗﯙﺍ ﯔﯩﻨﯩﻧﺍ ﻰﺴﯩﺸﻨﯩﻛﻩ ،ﺎﺴﻟﻮ -
ﯔﯨﺪﻳﻩﺭﻪﻛ ﻕﺎﺑﺍ ﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﻥﺎﻘﻘﯩﺷ ﻥﺎﻨﯨﯞﺭ ﺮﯩﻌﻳﺍﺭﺎﺑﯘﺷ . ﻱﻪﻟﻪﻜﯩﺗ ﯔﯨﺩﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﻰﻛﻩ ،ﻥﺎﺘﻘﯨﺪﻧﺎﻌﻟﻮﺑ ﺱﺎﺘﺗﺍ ﻰﻧﻪﮔﻪﻟﻪﺗﻪﺟ ﺎﻋﯞﺍﺩ ﺱﻪﭙﺘﯩﺑ ﻩﺪﻳﻪﻛ ،ﻪﻜﻜﯩﻠﯩﺷﯞﻪﭙﺴﯩﻨﯩﺳﯘﺗ ﻦﯨﺭﺎﺘﻗﺎﭘﺭﯗ -
ﻖﯨﺪﻨﯩﺷ .
ﻯﺪﻧﻩ » ؟ﺭﻩﺪﻤﯩﻛ ﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﻰﻛﻩ ﻰﺳﻭ « ﺎﺴﻟﻮﺑ ﺭﻪﻟﻪﻛ ﻪﮕﻧﻪﮔﻩﺩ ﻩﺩ ﻯﯞﻪﻛﻩ ،ﻕ -
ﺭﺎﻌﯕﻮﺟ ﺍﺪﻨﯩﻧﺎﻣﺍﺯ ء ﻰﻧﺎﻌﻟﻮﺑ ﺭﻻﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻰﺘﻗﺎﺗﺍ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﯘﺳ ﺮﯩﻣﻭ -
ﻖﯨﺪﻨﯩﺷ ﻲﺤﻳﺭﺎﺗ . ﻰﺘﻗﺎﺗﺍ ﻥﺎﻘﻘﯩﺷ ﻥﻩﺪﻳﻩﺭﻪﻛ ﻰﻠﻳﺎﻣﺎﺷﺍ ﻰﻟﯗ ﻱﺎﺒﯩﻟﻮﺗ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ،ﯞﺍﺮﯩﺟ 1663
- 1763
- ﻯﺭﺍﺪﻠﯩﺟ
ء ﻥﺎﻘﻘﯩﺷ ﻥﻩﺪﻳﻩﺭﻪﻛ ﻕﺎﺑﺍ ،ﺎﺴﻟﻮﺑ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﯘﺳ ﺮﯩﻣﻭ ﻰﻟﯗ ﻙﻪﺒﯩﻧﺎﺟ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ 1723
- 1785
- ﺍﺭﺍ ﻯﺭﺍﺪﻠﯩﺟ ﺍﺪﻨﯩﻌﯩﻟ ﻰﺘﭙﯨﺭﯘﺳ ﺮﯩﻣﻭء . ﻩﺩ ﻯﯞﻪﻛﻩ
ﻰﺳﺭﺎﻗ ﺎﻋﺭﺎﻌﯕﻮﺟ ﻪﺘﺳﻩﺭﯘﻛ ء ﻯﺮﯩﺑ -
،ﺕﺭﺎﻗ ء ﻯﺮﯩﺑ
-
ﻥﻪﻜﺳﯘﺗ ﻪﮔﺯﻮﻛ ﻩﺪﻨﯩﺗﻩﺭ ﺯﺎﺑﺭﺎﺳ ﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﺱﺎﺟ . ﯞﺍﺮﯩﺟ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ 1663 -
» ﻪﺑﻮﺘﻟﯘﻛ
« ﻥﻪﮔﻩﺩ
ﺍﺪﻨﯩﺳﺎﺒﺗﻭ ﯔﯩﻨﯩﺸﻨﯩﺳ ﻱﺎﺒﯩﻟﻮﺗ ﻩﺪﻨﯨﺭﻪﺟ ﻥﻪﮕﻟﻪﻛ ﻪﮔﻪﻴﻧﯗﺩ . ﻪﺑﻪﺷﻮﻛ ﻪﺸﯩﺒﻳﺎﺑ ﯔﯨﺪﻳﻩﺭﻪﻛ ﻰﻠﻳﺎﻣﺎﺷﺍ ﺯﯘﺟ ﺎﺗﺭﻭ ﻱﺎﺒﯩﻟﻮﺗ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﻦﯩﻗﺍ ﺎﻤﻟﺎﺴﭙﯨﺮﯨﯟﺳ ﻰﻠﯩﮕﻳﺍ ،ﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻰﺘﻗﺎﺗﺍ ﻥﺎﻘﻘﯩﺷ ﻥﺎﻨﯩﺳﺎﭙﻳﺎﺗ ﺭﺍﺯﯞﺎﺗ ﯔﯩﻨﯨﯞﺭ
ﯔﯩﻨﯩﻟﯗ ﻥﺎﻋﺮﯨﺪﻟﺎﻗ ﻦﯩﺗﺍ ﺎﻘﺤﻳﺭﺎﺗ ،ﻥﺎﻘﺘﯩﻧﺎﺗ ﻪﻨﯩﻟﻩ ﻦﯩﻤﯩﺳﻩ -
» ﻢﯩﻟﻩ
- ﻱﺍ ! « ﺮﯩﺟ
- ﻰﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍﺩ
.
ﺵﻮﻛ ﻥﺎﻨﯩﺳﺎﺑ ﯔﯨﺩﯞﺎﺗﺍﺭﺎﻗ ،ﻯﺩﻪﻟﻪﻛ
ﻦﯩﻳﺎﺳ ﻥﻪﻜﺷﻮﻛ ء ،ﻯﺩﻪﻟﻪﻛ ﺱﻮﺑ ﻕﻼﻳﺎﺗ ﺮﯩﺑ
ﻝﻩ
،ﻥﻪﻛﻩ ﻥﺎﻣﺎﺟ ﻥﺎﻌﻠﯨﺮﯩﻳﺍ ﻥﺎﻨﯩﺗﺭﯘﺟ
ﻯﺩﻪﻟﻪﻛ ﺱﺎﺟ ﭖﻩﺪﻠﯩﺘﻟﻮﻣ ﻥﻩﺩﺯﻮﻛ ﺍﺭﺎﻗ ،ﻥﺎﻣﺍﺯ ﻰﻋﺎﺑ ؟ﻥﺎﻣﺍﺯ ﻱﺎﻗ ﻥﺎﻣﺍﺯ ﺎﻨﯩﻣ
ﻥﺎﻣﺍﺯ ﻰﻋﺎﺗ ﻰﺸﻳﺎﺴﻟﻮﺑ ﻱﺍﺪﯩﻋﺎﻳﺎﺑ .... - ﯞﺍﺮﯩﺟ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﻥﺎﻋﻻﺮﯩﺟ ﭖﻩﺩ 1723 - ﻥﺎﻌﻟﺎﺳﺎﺟ ﺎﻨﯩﺳﻻﺍﺩ ﻕﺍﺯﺎﻗ ﻰﻠﯩﺟ ﯩﻘﭘﺎﺷ ﺭﺎﻌﯕﻮﺟ ﻲﻨﻋﺎﻳ ﻰﺘﺗﺎﭘﺍ ﺮﯨﯞﺍ ﻥﻪﻜﺳﯘﺗ ﺎﻨﯩﺳﺎﺑ ﻝﻩ ﻩﺪﻨﯨﺯﻪﻛ ﻰﻌﯩﻠﯩﺸﻨ » ﻝﻮﻛﺎﻘﻟﺍ ،ﻯﺪﻨﯨﺮﯩﺑﯘﺷ ﻥﺎﺑﺎﺘﻗﺍ ﺎﻣﻻﯘﺳ « ﻥﻪﻛﻩ ﻥﻪﮔﺮﯩﺷﻮﻛ ﻪﻨﯩﻠﯩﺗ ﺮﯩﺟ ﻱﻼﯩﺳﻭ ﻦﯩﯕﻩﺯﻪﻛ . 100
ﻚﯩﺘﺳﯘﺘﻟﻮﺳ ﻰﺳﻪﻧﻩﺩ ﯔﯨﺩﯞﺍﺮﯩﺟ ﻥﺎﻋﺎﺳﺎﺟ ﺎﻨﯩﻤﯨﺭﻮﻗ ﻰﺸﻨﯩﺳ ﻱﺎﺒﯩﻟﻮﺗ ﻰﺳﻪﻛﺍ ﻰﮔﻩﺪﻨﯨﺭﻪﺟ ﻪﺑﻮﺘﻟﯘﻛ ﻰﺘﺳﺍﺭﺎﻗ ﺎﻨﯩﻧﺍﺩﯞﺍ ﻞﯩﺒﻣﺎﺟ ،ﻰﺴﯩﻠﺑﻭ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻗﺍﺯﺎﻗ ﺟ ﻥﻪﮕﻧﻪﻟﺭﻪ . ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ،ﻕﺎﺴﻟﻮﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﻳﺍ ﻰﻟﺍﺭﯟﺗ ﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﻥﺎﻘﻘﯩﺷ ﻥﺎﻨﯨﯞﺭ ﺮﯩﻌﻳﺍﺭﺎﺑﯘﺷ ﯔﯨﺪﻳﻩﺭﻪﻛ ﻕﺎﺑﺍ ﯟﺗ ﯔﯩﻨﯨﺭﺍﺩﺯﺎﺑﺭﺎﺳ ﻕﺍﺯﺎﻗ ﻥﺎﻋﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﻱﻼﯩﺑﺍ ﻩﺪﻨﯨﺭﻩﺪﯕﻩﺯﻪﻛ ﻰﻌﯕﻮﺳ ﯔﯩﻨﯩﺴﯩﻋﻮﺳ ﺭﺎﻌﯕﻮﺟ ﻰﻟﯗ ﻙﻪﺒﯩﻧﺎﺟ ﯔﯩﻨﯨﺭﻼﯩﺷﯞﺎﺘﺳﯗ ء ﻥﺎﻌﻟﻮﺑ ﻯﺮﯩﺑ . ﻧﺎﺑﺎﻗ ﻪﺘﺳﻩﺭﯘﻛ ﻰﺳﺭﺎﻗ ﺎﻋﺭﺎﻌﯕﻮﺟ ﺰﯩﻣﺎﺑﺎﺑ ﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻙﻪﺒﯩﻧﺎﺟ ﺭﻩ ،ﻱﺎﺒﻧﻪﮔﻮﺑ ،ﻱﺎﺒ ﻠﯩﮕﯕﻩﺯﯗ ﻥﻪﻣﺭﻻﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻯﺪﻠﯩﻛﻪﺳ ﻥﺎﻨﯩﺳﺎﻗ ﯔﯨﺪﻳﻼﯩﺑﺍ ﻥﺎﺣ ،ﭗﯩﻟﻮﺑ ﺱﻪ
ﻰﺘﭙﯩﻟﺍ ﻦﯨﺭﻭ . ﻗﺭﺍ ﻰﮕﯩﻟﺭﻩ ﺍﺩ ﻝﻭ ﻝﻩ ﻰﻠﯩ ﻥﺎﻌﻟﺎﻨﻳﺍ ﺎﻋﺰﯩﯕﺍ ﺍﺪﻨﯨﺯﯞﺍ . ﺍﺪﻧﺎﻘﭘﺎﺷ ﺎﻋﯞﺎﺟ ﻰﺗﻪﻟﯞﺍ ﺮﯩﻌﻳﺍﺭﺎﺑﯘﺷ » ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ،ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ! « ﻥﺎﻘﺗﺍﺪﻧﺍﺭﯗ ﭖﻩﺩ . ﻝﻮﻌﯕﻮﻣ ،ﺲﯨﺭﻭ ،ﻱﺎﺘﯩﻗ ﻰﻟﺍﺭﯟﺗ ﻰﻟﯗ ﻙﻪﺒﯩﻧﺎﺟ ﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﻥﺎﻘﻘﯩﺷ ﻥﺎﻨﯨﯞﺭ ﺮﯩﻌﻳﺍﺭﺎﺑﯘﺷ ﯔﯨﺪﻳﻩﺭﻪﻛ ﻕﺎﺑﺍ ﯔﯩﺘﺗﻪﻤﯩﻟﺎﻣ ﺎﻣﺎﺷﺮﯩﺑ ﻩﺪﻨﯨﺭﻪﺘﻛﻩﺭﻩﺩ
ﺮﯩﺗﻭ ﭗﯩﻧﻩﺪﻟﻪﻟﺍﺩ ﺍﺪﻤﯩﻠﯩﻋ ﻰﻧﯘﻛ ﻰﮕﻨﯩﮔﯘﺑ ﻰﮕﯨﺪﻧﻪﻛﻩ ﺭﺎﺑ . ﯩﻣ ،ﻰﻟﺎﺴ ﮒ ﻯﺭﻼﯩﺸﺤﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺲﯨﺭﻭ ﻰﻟﺍﺭﯟﺗ ﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ . ﻥ . ﻥ ،ﻦﻴﻧﺎﺗﻮﭘ .ﺍ .
ء ﺯﻭ
ﻥﺎﻋﺮﯨﺪﻟﺎﻗ ﭗﯨﺯﺎﺟ ﻩﺪﻨﯨﺭﻪﺘﻛﻪﺒﯕﻩ . ﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﻩﺩﺭﻪﺘﻛﻩﺭﻩﺩ ﻝﯘﺑ 1750
- ،ﭖﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﻦﯨﺭﻻﯞﺭ ﻱﻩﺭﻪﻛ ﻰﻠﯩﺟ
ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺎﮔﺭﺎﺑﺎﺣ ﻯﺩﻼﯩﺘﻳﺍ ﻰﻧﻪﻜﺗﻪﺟ ﻪﻨﯩﻧﻩﺯﻭ .
ﻝﯘﺑ -
ﺴﻗﺍﺯﺎﻗ ﺲﯩﻌﯩﺷ ﻰﮔﺮﯨﺯﺎﻗ ﺑﻭ ﻥﺎﺘ
ﺎﺑﺭﺎﺗ ،ﻰﺴﯩﻠﯩ ﻱﺎﺗﺎﻋ
ﻯﯞﺎﺗﺍ ﻥﻩﺯﻭ ﻰﻋﺍﺪﻨﯩﻧﺍﺩﯞﺍ . ﻰﺴﯩﺸﺤﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺲﯨﺭﻭ ﻰﻟﺍﺭﯟﺗ ﻰﺷﻮﻛ ﺭﻪﻠﻳﻩﺭﻪﻛ ﻥﺎﻋﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﮒ . ﻥ . ﻦﻴﻧﺎﺗﻮﭘ
: » ،ﭗﯩﻟﻪﻛ ﺎﻌﻳﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﻗﺍﺯﺎﻗ 18 -
ﯔﯨﺩﺮﯩﺳﺎﻋ 70 - 80 - ﻥﻪﻤﯩﻳﻮﺑ ﯔﯩﺘﺴﯩﺗﺭﻩ ﺍﺭﺎﻗ ﺍﺪﻨﯨﺭﺍﺪﻠﯩﺟ ﺘﺳﯘﺘﯕﻭ ﯔﯨﺪﻳﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻪﻣ ﻰﮕﯩﺘﺳﯘﺘﻟﻮﺳ ﯔﯩﻨﯨﯞﺎﺗ ﺮﯨﯞﺎﺳ ،ﻱﺎﺗﺎﻋﺎﺑﺭﺎﺗ ﻯﺪﻟﻮﺑ ﻦﯩﺘﻳﻩﺪﻧﻪﻛﻪﻣ ﻦﯩﮕﯩ « ،
ﻯﺩﺍﺯﺎﺟ ﭖﻩﺩ . ﻰﻋﺎﺗ ﯔﯩﻨﯨﺭﻼﯩﺸﺤﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺲﯨﺭﻭ ء ﻩﺪﻨﯩﮔﻩﺭﻩﺩ ﻲﺤﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺮﯩﺑ 1757 -
ﯔﯩﻣ ﯔﯨﺩﺮﯩﻌﻳﺍﺭﺎﺑﯘﺷ ء ﻱﺎﺘﻟﺍ ،ﻪﻟﻪﻛ ﻱﻪﻟﺭﻭ ﻦﯩﻧﻩﺯﻭ ﺲﯩﺗﺭﻩ ﻰﻨﯩﺗﯘﺗ -
،ﺎﺳﺯﺎﺟ ﻦﯩﻧﺎﻌﻟﺎﻗ ﭖﻩﺪﻧﻪﻛﻪﻣ ﻯﺩﺮﯨﯞﺎﺳ ﻰﺸﻨﯩﻛﻩ ء ﻪﺘﻛﻩﺭﻩﺩ ﺮﯩﺑ 1760 - ﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻕﺍﺮﯩﺗﻮﻗ ﻰﻠﯩﺟ ،ﭖﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﻦﯨﺮﯩﻋﻮﺷ ﻥﻪﻜﻟﯗ ﯔﯩﻨﯨﺭﺍﺪﻠﯨﯞﺍ ﻱﻪﻛﻪﺘﻧﺎﺟ ﻥﺍﺩﺎﺒﻟﺎﻗ ﺮ ﻥﺎﻋﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ،ﺭﻪﻠﯩﻟﻪﺘﻳ ﻥﺎﻋﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﺑﺭﺎﻗﯘﺑ ﺭﺎﺗﺎﻗ ﻥﻪﻣﺭﻻﯘﺑ ،ﻦﯩﻧﻪﻜﺷﻮﻛ ﭖﻪﻟﺭﻭ ﻰﺘﺴﯩﺗﺭﻩ ﻲﺠﻠﯩﺟ ﺍﺩ ﺭﻻﺮﯩﻌﻳﺍﺭﺎﺑﯘﺷ - ﻯﺩﻼﯩﺘﻳﺍ ﻰﻟﺍﺭﯟﺗ ﻰﻧﺎﻋﺎﺘﻗﻮﺗ ﭗﯩﺗﻪﺟ ﺎﻘﻗﺍﺮﯩﯕﺎﻣ ،ﯞﺎﺗ ﻪﻧﻪﻜﺸﯩﻛ ﻲﺠﻠﯩﺟ . ﻩﺩﺯﻪﻛ ﻝﯘﺑ ﻠﯩﻳﻮﺟ ﻰﻌﯨﺪﻧﺎﺣ ﺭﺎﻌﯕﻮﺟ ﻯﺩﻩ ﻥﺎﻌﻟﺎﻗ ﭗﯩﻟﻮﺑ ﺭﻪﺟ ﻰﺘﺳﺍﺭﺎﻗ ﺎﻌﻳﺎﺘﯩﻗ ﻕﺎﻤﻳﺍ ﻞﯩﻛﯘﺑ ،ﭗﯩ .
ﻥﻪ ) ﺎﻧﺎﺳﺭﺎﻣﺍ (
ﻦﯩﻗﺎﺟ ﻥﺎﻌﻟﻮﺑ ﺱﻭﺩ -
ﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ . ﺞﻧﺎﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﯨﺮﯩﺑ ﯔﯩﻨﯨﺭﻪﺘﻛﻩﺭﻩﺩ ﻝﻮﻌﯕﻮﻣ - ﺳﺍ ﻱﺎﺘﯩﻗ
ﻪﺘﺳﻩﺭﯘﻛ ﻰﺳﺭﺎﻗ ﻪﻨﯨﺭﻪﻜ ﺎﻋﺎﻧﺎﺳﺮﯩﻣﺍ
2
ﺳﺍ ﯔﯩﻣ ،ﻦﯩﻧﻪﮕﻟﻪﻛ ﻪﻜﻛﻪﻣﻮﻛ ﯔﯨﺩﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﻥﻪﻤﯨﺭﻪﻜ 1756
ﻰﻠﯩﺟ » ﺍﺭﯘﻧ « ﻥﻪﮔﻩﺩ
ﺞﻧﺎﻣ ﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﻥﻪﻣ ﺎﻧﺎﺳﺮﯩﻣﺍ ﻩﺩﺭﻪﺟ - ﻕﺍﺯﺎﻗ ،ﭗﯨﯞﺎﺗ ﺲﯩﻠﯩﯕﻪﺟ ﺎﺸﺘﯩﻗﺍﯞ ،ﭗﯩﺴﯩﻋﻮﺳ ﻥﻪﻤﯨﺭﻪﻜﺳﺍ ﻱﺎﺘﯩﻗ ﻥﺎﻌﻠﯨﺯﺎﺟ ﻰﻟﺍﺭﯟﺗ ﻰﻧﻪﮕﻨﯩﮔﻪﺷ ﻱﺍﺭﺎﻗ ﻪﻨﯨﺭﻪﺟ . ﻰﻌﯨﺪﻧﺎﺣ ﺭﺎﻌﯕﻮﺟ ء ﺞﻧﺎﻣ ﻩﺩﺮﯩﺑ ﻪﺘﺳﻩﺭﯘﻛ ﻦﯩﺷﯗ - ﮔﻪﻣﻮﻛ ﻱﺎﺘﯩﻗ ﻦﯩ ﻯﺮﯩﻗﺍ ﻰﺸﻳﺎﺘﯕﻮﻗ ﺎﻧﺎﺳﺮﯩﻣﺍ ﻥﺎﻘﺗﯘﺗ ﺎﻧﺎﭘ ﻯﺪﻧﺎﺣ ﻱﻼﯩﺑﺍ ،ﭗﯩﺳﻩﺭﯘﻛ ﻰﺳﺭﺎﻗ ﺎﻌﻳﺎﺘﯩﻗ ﻩﺩﺮﯩﺑ ،ﻥﺎﻌﻟﻮﺑ ﺭﯘﺒﺟﺎﻣ ﺎﻋﯟﻟﺍ ﺎﻌﻠﯩﺑﻮﺗ ،ﻪﻨﯨﺭﻪﺟ ﻱﻪﺳﻩﺭ ،ﻱﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻪﺗﻪﺟ ﺎﻨﯩﺗﺍﺭﯘﻣ ) ﻚﺴﻟﻮﺑﻮﺗ ( ،ﭗﯨﺭﺎﺑ ﭗﯩﺷﺎﻗ 1757 -
ﻯﺩﻼﯩﺘﻳﺍ ﺎﺘﺤﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻰﻟﺍﺭﯟﺗ . ﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﻥﻪﻣ ﺎﻧﺎﺳﺮﯩﻣﺍ ﻰﺴﯩﺸﻳﺎﺘﯕﻮﻗ ﺭﺎﻌﯕﻮﺟ ﻚﯨﺭﻪﺑ ﯔﯩﻨﯩﻌﯩﺘﺳﺎﺘﺳﻭﺩ ﯔﯨﺩﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻥﻪﮔﺭ ،ﻱﺍﺪﻧﻮﺳ ﻰﻧﺎﻌﻟﻮﺑ -
ء ﻥﻪﻛﻩ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑ ﺎﻋﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﻦﯩﻟﯗ ﻥﻪﮔﻩﺩ ﺭﺎﺘﻟﯟﻣ ﯔﯩﻨﯨﺯﻭ . ﯓﻪﻛﻪﺟﻮﻗ
ﻰﻧﻭ 7 - ،ﭗﯩﺗﻩ ﻰﻟﯗ » ﻱﺎﺒﻗﺍﺯﺎﻗ
« ﻥﺎﻋﺎﺗﺍ ﭖﻩﺩ . ﻩﺪﻨﯩﮔﯘﺑ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻗﺎﭘﺭﯗ ،ﭗﯩﻟﺎﻨﻳﺍ ﻪﻜﺗﻪﻟﯞﺍ ﻥﻪﻜﻟﯗ ﻝﯘﺑ ﻦﯩﻳﻪﻛ ﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺴﻗﺍﺯﺎﻗ ،ﺍﺩﺎﻴﻟﻮﻌﯕﻮﻣ ء ﻯﺩﻩﺭﯘﺳ ﺮﯩﻣﻭ . ء ﻚﯩﻠﻴﺑ ﻯﺮﯩﻣﻭ ء ﻰﺸﻳﺎﺘﯕﻮﻗ ﺎﻧﺎﺳﺮﯩﻣﺍ ﻥﻪﻜﺗﻭ ﻥﻪﭙﺳﻩﺭﯘﻛ ﻦﯩﺷﯗ 1822 -
35
ﻰﺘﭘﺎﺳﺎﺟ ﺎﻧﺎﻗ ﺱﺎﺟ . ،ﻩﺩ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﺰﯩﻣﺎﺑﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻌﻟﻮﺑ ﺱﻭﺩ ﻦﯩﻗﺎﺟ ﻥﻪﻤﯩﻧﻭ ﺞﻧﺎﻣ ﻪﮔﺮﯩﺑ ﻥﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﺳﺮﯩﻣﺍ - ﺍﺪﻨﯩﻋﺎﺷ ﻥﺎﻘﺴﯩﻋﻮﺳ ﻰﺳﺭﺎﻗ ﻪﻨﯨﺭﻪﻜﺳﺍ ﻱﺎﺘﯩﻗ 30
ﻥﻪﻛﻩ ﺖﯩﮕﯩﺟ ﻥﺎﻘﺳﺍ ﺎﯕﺎﺟ ﻥﺍﺩ . ﻝﺍ
ﻗ ﻪﻨﯨﺭﻪﺘﻛﻩﺭﻩﺩ ﻱﺎﺘﯩﻗ ﺞﻧﺎﻣ ،ﺍﺪﻧﺎﻋﺍﺭﺎ - ﻥﺎﻨﯩﯕﻮﺳ ﯔﯩﻧﺎﻧﺎﺳﺮﯩﻣﺍ ﻰﺴﯩﺸﻳﺎﺘﯕﻮﻗ ﺭﺎﻌﯕﻮﺟ ﻥﺎﻋﺎﻣﺭﯗ ﺱﺎﺑ ﻪﻨﯩﮕﯩﻠﻴﺑ ﻱﺎﺘﯩﻗ ﻯﺭﻪﻜﺳﺍ ﻱﺎﺘﯩﻗ ﻥﺎﻘﺴﯩﻋﻮﺳ ﺍﯟﻗ 1756
- ﻥﻪﮔﺮﯩﻛ ﭗﯩﺳﺎﺑ ﻪﻨﯨﺭﻪﺟ ﻕﺍﺯﺎﻗ ﻰﻠﯩﺟ . ﺍﺪﻨﯩﯕﺎﻣ ﺎﺑﻭ ﻥﺎﻋﺎﺷ ﻯﺭﻪﻜﺳﺍ ﻱﺎﺘﯩﻗ ШЕТЕЛ ҚАЗАҚТАРЫ ЖӘНЕ ҚАЗАҚ ТІЛІ ШЕТЕЛ ҚАЗАҚТАРЫ ЖӘНЕ ҚАЗАҚ ТІЛІ № 2 ( 2 0 1 6 ) № 2 ( 2 0 1 6 ) 68 69
ء ﻥﻪﻜﺳﯘﺗ ﺎﻘﺴﯩﻌﯩﺘﻗﺎﻗ ﻥﻪﻤﯩﻌﯨﺪﯖﯩﻣ ﯔﯩﺘﻗﺍﺯﺎﻗ ،ﭗﯨﺭﯘﺟ . ﻦﯩﻳﻪﻛ ﻥﺍﺪﯩﺳﻭ - ﻕﺍﺯﺎﻗ ﻕﺍ ﻥﻪﻜﺗﻪﻛ ﭗﯩﻟﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﺳﺎﻘﻳﺎﺷ ﻯﺪﻧﺎﻗ ﺍﺪﻨﯩﺳﺍﺭﺍ ﻯﺭﻪﻜﺳﺍ ﻱﺎﺘﯩﻗ ﻥﻪﻣ ﻯﺭﺍﺩﺯﺎﺑﺭﺎﺳ . ﺎﺗﺍ ﻰﻜﺳﻩ ﺭﺎﺘﻗﺍﺯﺎﻗ - ﯔﯩﻨﯨﺭﻻﺎﺑﺎﺑ ﻯﺭﺎﺳ ﻪﺗﺭﻩ ﺎﻨﯩﯕﻮﺳ ﻦﯨﺭﻪﻜﺳﺍ ﯔﯨﺪﻳﺎﺘﯩﻗ ،ﭗﯩﺴﯩﻋﻮﺳ ﺎﺷﺎﻗ ﻥﻪﻤﯨﺭﯘﺘﺳﺍﺩ
ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑ ﻪﻨﯩﮔﻪﺷ ﻱﺍﺭﺎﻗ ﻪﻨﯩﻳﻪﻜﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﻗﺭﺍ . » ﻰﺷﯞﺮﯨﺪﻨﯩﻋﺎﺑ ﻰﺘﺴﯩﺗﺎﺑ « ﻰﺴﯩﺸﺳﺎﺒﻟﻮﻗ ﯔﯩﻨﯨﺭﻪﻜﺳﺍ ﻱﺎﺘﯩﻗ -
ﺍﺪﻨﯩﺗﺎﺣ ﻥﺎﻋﺯﺎﺟ ﺎﻌﻧﺎﺣ ﻥﻪﺟﻩ ﯔﯩﻧﺎﻧﺍﺩﺭﺍ : » ﭗﯨﯟﻗ ﻯﺩﺰﯩﻤﯨﺭﻻﯞﺎﺟ » ﺍﺭﯘﻧ « ﻚﯩﺘﺗﻪﺟ ﻪﮕﻧﻩﺯﻭ ﻦﯩﺗﻻﺎﺗﺍ . ﻖﯨﺪﻧﺎﺘﺗﺍ ﻯﺭﺍ ،ﭗﯨﺭﯘﻗ ﭖﺎﺳ ﻱﺭﻪﻜﺳﺍ . ﻩﺩﺭﻪﺟ ﻰﺳﻭ ﻥﻪﻤﯩﺸﻗﺍﺭﺎﻗ ﯔﯩﻣ ﻰﻛﻩ ) ﻯﺪﻳﺎﺗﺍ ﻱﻻﻮﺳ ﻦﯨﺭﺍﺩﺯﺎﺑﺭﺎﺳ ﻕﺍﺯﺎﻗ ( ﻕﺎﺳﺮﯩﺘﺳﺍﺭﯘﺳ ،ﻖﯩﺘﺴﯩﻋﻮﺳ -
ﻨﻧﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﻥﻪﻣ ﺎﻧﺎﺳﺮﯩﻣﺍ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﯘﺟ ﭗﯩﺴﯩﻋﻮﺳ ﻥﻪﻛﻩ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻗﺎﺳﺎﺟ ﯔﯩ « ،
ﺞﻧﺎﻣ ،ﻪﺳﻩﺩ - ﻰﻋﺎﺗ ﯔﯩﻨﯨﺭﻪﻜﺳﺍ ﻱﺎﺘﯩﻗ ء ﻰﺴﯩﺸﺳﺎﺒﻟﻮﻗ ﺮﯩﺑ -
: » ﻥﺎﻋﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﺒﻧﻪﮔﻮﺑ ﯔﯨﺪﻳﻼﯩﺑﺍ ﻖﯩﺘﺳﺎﻘﻳﺎﺷ ﻩﺩ ﻥﻪﻤﯩﻋﺎﺳﺎﺟ . 20 ﻯﺪﻣﺍﺩﺍ
ء ،ﭗﯨﺮﯩﺘﻟﻭ ء ،ﻚﯨﺩﺮﯩﺳﯘﺗ ﺎﻌﻟﻮﻗ ﻯﺮﯩﺗ ﻯﺪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺮﯩﺑ 40
ﺎﺠﻟﻭ ﺕﺍ ﻰﺘﻗﺎﺷ ﻯﺪﻟﻮﺑ « ، -
ﻯﺪﻳﻩﺩ .
ﻯﺭﺎﺳ ،ﭗﯩﺗﺭﻩ ﻰﻧﺎﻧﺎﺳﺮﯩﻣﺍ ﯔﯩﻨﻧﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﺎﺣﺍﺩﺎﺣ ﺎﺘﺗﺎﺣ ﻰﺳﻭ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻰﮔﻩﺪﻨﯩﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﻗﺭﺍ ﻯﺩﺍﺯﺎﺟ ﻦﯩﻧﻪﮕﻨﯩﻛﻪﺑ ﭗﯨﺭﺎﺑ ﺎﻨﯨﯞﺎﺗ . ﻝﯘﺑ -
ﻥﺎﻨﯩﺳﻻﺎﻗ ﺎﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻰﮔﺮﯨﺯﺎﻗ 100
،ﺭﻪﺟ ﻱﺍﺪﻤﯨﺮﯩﻗﺎﺷ » ﺎﻛﯙﻭﺭﺎﻛﺎﺳﻭ « ﻥﺎﻘﺳﻻﺎﻧﺭﻭ ﻩﺪﻨﯩﻳﻪﻜﺗﻪﺑ ﯔﯨﺩﯞﺎﺗ ﻰﺳﻭ ﻰﻧﻪﻛﻪﻣ ﻯﺪﻟﻩ . ﻜﺳﺍ ﻱﺎﺘﯩﻗ ﻥﻪﭘ ﻕﺍﺯﺎﻗ ﺷ ﻰﻌﯕﻮﺳ ﺍﺪﻨﯩﺳﺍﺭﺍ ﻯﺭﻪ ﻰﺷﯟﺷﻪ
ﺲﯩﻋﻮﺳ
ﺍﺪﻨﯩﺴﯩﻋﺍ ﻰﻋﺭﺎﻋﻮﺟ ﯔﯩﻨﯩﺗﺭﻩﺪﯩﺷ ء ﻯﺩﺭﯘﺟ
. ﺭﻪﺟ ﻝﯘﺑ ﻪﻟﻪﻛ ﻪﺗﻭ ﺖﯩﻗﺍﯞ » ﻥﺎﻋﺮﯩﻘﺘﯩﺷﺭﯘﺷ « ﭖﻩﺩ
ﻯﺪﻟﺎﺗﺍ . ﻕﺍﺯﺎﻗ ﻥﺎﻋﺭﺎﻘﺳﺎﺑ ﺭﻻﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ،ﻙﻪﺒﯩﻧﺎﺟ ﺭﻩ ،ﻱﺎﺒﻧﻪﮔﻮﺑ ،ﻱﺎﺒﻧﺎﺑﺎﻗ ﻥﺎﻋﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﺣ ﻱﻼﯩﺑﺍ ﻰﺘﺗﺭﺍﺯﺎﺗ ﻥﻪﻨﯨﺭﻪﻜﺳﺍ ﻱﺎﺘﯩﻗ ﻦﯩﺳﻻﺍﺩ ﻕﺍﺯﺎﻗ ﻯﺭﺍﺩﺯﺎﺑﺭﺎﺳ . ﺷ ﺮﯩﺒﯩﺳ ﯨﺭﻪﻜﺳﺍ ﺍﺭﺎﮔﻪ ﻝﺍﺭﻪﻧﻪﮔ ﻥﺎﻋﺭﺎﻘﺳﺎﺑ ﻦ
ﯙ
ﻲﺑﻮﻛﺎﻳ ﻰﻟﺍﺭﯟﺗ ﻦﯩﻋﺮﯩﻗ ﻝﯘﺑ : »
ﻰﺘﻟﺍ ء ﻯﺪﻟﻪﻛ ﭗﯩﺘﻳﺎﻗ ﻯﺯﯘﺟ « ، - ﻯﺩﺍﺯﺎﺟ ﭖﻩﺩ .
ﻥ .ﺍ . ﯙﻮﺘﺴﻳﺭﺍ
: » 18 - ﻥﻪﻣﺭﻻﺭﺎﻌﯕﻮﺟ ﻰﻋﺍﺪﻨﯩﺳﺎﺑ ﯔﯩﻨﯩﺴﯩﺗﺭﺎﺟ ﻰﺸﻨﯩﻛﻩ ﯔﯨﺩﺮﯩﺳﺎﻋ ﻰﻟﺍﺭﯟﺗ ﺭﻪﻠﻳﻩﺭﻪﻛ ﻩﺪﻨﯨﺭﻪﺘﻛﻩﺭﻩﺩ ﻱﺎﺘﯩﻗ ﻰﮔﻩﺪﻨﯩﻧﻮﺟ ﺲﯩﻋﻮﺳ ،ﻦﯩﮕﯨﺪﻨﯩﺗﻪﺳﻩﺩﺯﻪﻛ ﯔﯨﺩﺭﻪﺘﺗﻪﻤﯩﻟﺎﻣ
ﻥﺎﺣ ﻱﻼﯩﺑﺍ ﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﻥﻪﻜﺳﻩﺭﯘﻛ ﻰﺳﺭﺎﻗ ﺎﻋﺭﻻﺭﺎﻌﯕﻮﺟ ﻪﮔﺮﯩﺑ ﻥﻪﻣ ﯔﯨﺩﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻥﻪﮔﺭ
1757
- ﺘﯩﻗ ﻰﻠﯩﺟ
ﺯﻮﺴﺴﯩﻟﻪﻛ ﻥﻪﻤﯩﮕﯩﻠﻴﺑ ﻱﺎ ﻰﻟﺍﺭﯟﺗ ﻰﻧﺎﻘﺳﺎﺳﺎﺟ
ﻳﺍ
. ﻝﯘﺑ ﻥﺎﻌﻟﻮﺑ ﻥﻪﻤﯨﺭﻪﻠﯩﺸﻟﻩ ﻱﺎﺘﯩﻗ ،ﺎﺸﻨﯩﻳﻮﺑ ﻙﻩﺭﻩﺩ ﻲﺤﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﯔﯩﻨﻧﺎﺣ ﻱﻼﯩﺑﺍ ﻪﮔﺯﻮﺴﺴﯩﻟﻪﻛ ء ﺯﻮﺴﺴﯩﻟﻪﻛ ﻝﯘﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﺟ ﻥﺎﻘﺴﯩﺗﺎﻗ ﻯﺯﻭ 1757 - ﻰﻠﯩﺟ 7 - ﻩﺪﻠﯩﺷ ﻰﻋﺍﺪﻨﯩﻳﻮﺑ ﺯﻮﮔﺎﻳﺍ ﻩﺩ ﻥﻪﻜﺗﻭ ﻩﺩﺭﻪﺟ ﻥﻪﮔﻩﺩ ﻕﻻﯘﺒﻗﺎﭙﻳﺎﺑ ﯟﺳﺮﯩﻣﺎﻣ . ﻰﺠﻧﺎﻣ ﻝﺍ - ﻰﮔﻩﺪﻨﯨﺭﻪﺘﻛﻩﺭﻩﺩ ﻱﺎﺘﯩﻗ » ﯔﯩﻨﯨﺭﻻﺎﭙﻳﺎﺗ ﻕﺍﺯﺎﻗ ﻰﺳﺎﺒﺗﻭ ﻩﺪﻨﯨﺭﻪﺘﭘﺍﺩ ﻢﯨﺰﯩﺗ ﻰﻟﺍﺭﯟﺗ ﻰﻧﺎﺳ « :
ﯔﯨﺪﻳﻩﺭﻪﻛ ﻕﺎﺑﺍ 1000
ﻩﺪﻨﯩﮕﯩﻠﻴﺑ ﯔﯨﺩﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﻰﺳﺎﺒﺗﻭ « ،
ﻥﻪﮕﻨﯩﻟﻩﺩ
. 1760
- ﺮﻴﻓﺎﺳ ﻰﺴﯩﺷﯞﻻﺭﺎﺑ ﺲﯨﺭﻭ ﻰﻟﺍﺭﯟﺗ ﻯﺭﺍﺩﺯﺎﺑﺭﺎﺳ ﻕﺍﺯﺎﻗ ﻥﺎﻋﺭﺎﺑ ﻦﯩﻗﺎﺟ ﺎﻨﯩﺳﺍﺭﺎﮔﻪﺷ ﻱﺎﺘﯩﻗ ﻰﻠﯩﺟ ﯙﻪﻴﻴﻟﺎﺳ :
ﻥﺎﻋﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﺘﻟﯘﺳ ﻱﻼﯩﺑﺍ ﺍﺪﯕﺎﻣ ﻦﯩﻗﺎﺟ ﺎﻨﯩﺳﺍﺭﺎﮔﻪﺷ ﻱﺎﺘﯩﻗ
ﻰﻛﻩ ﻥﺎﻋﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﺒﻧﺎﺑﺎﻗ ،ﯔﯩﻣ ﻰﻛﻩ ﺭﻪﻜﺳﺍ ﯔﯩﻣ ﻰﻛﻩ ﻥﺎﻋﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﻕﺍﺭﺎﺑ ﻰﻟﺭﺎﺠﻛﻮﻛ ،ﯔﯩﻣ ﻰﻛﻩ ﻥﺎﻋﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﺑﺭﺎﻘﺷﻮﻗ ﻥﻪﻣ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ،ﯔﯩﻣ ﺭﯘﺗ
« ، - ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑ ﺕﻪﻤﯩﻟﺎﻣ ﻥﻪﮔﻩﺩ .
ء ﻰﻋﺎﭘﺭﯗ ﯔﯩﻧﻭ ﻰﻧﯘﻛ ﻰﮕﻨﯩﮔﯘﺑ ﻯﯟﺗ ﻕﺍ ﻰﺘﺗﻪﻴﺳﺎﻗ ﻥﺎﻋﺎﺘﺳﯗ ﻯﺯﻭ -
ﯩﻋﺍﺮﯩﯕﺎﺷ ﻰﻟﯞﺎﺘﻗﺎﺳ ﺍﺪﻨ . ﻥﺎﻳﺎﺑ ﯔﯩﻧﺎﻴﻟﻮﻌﯕﻮﻣ ﺰﯩﻣﺎﻋﺍ ﺵﺎﻣﯘﺟ - ﯩﻋﺎﻤﻳﺍ ﻱﻪﮕﻟﻭ ﺍﺪﻨﯩﻠﯨﯞﺍ ﻰﺘﯩﻋﯘﺑ ﯔﯩﻨ ) ﺍﺪﻨﯩﻨﯩﻣﯘﺳ (
ﻯﺩﺍﺭﯘﺗ . ﻯﺪﻳﺎﻣﺭﺎﻌﯩﺷ ﻥﺎﺘﻘﯨﺪﻧﺎﺳ ﺎﺘﺘﯩﻗﺍﯞ ﺖﯩﺒﻳﻪﺑ ﻯﺩﯟﺗ ﻝﯘﺑ ﻰﻟﻪﻴﻛ . »
ﻯﺩﻻﻮﺑ « ﺭﺎﺑ ﺍﺪﻨﯩﺳﺍﺭﺍ ﻖﯩﻟﺎﺣ ﻰﺘﻜﯩﻠﯩﮔﺭﻪﺟ ﻢﯩﻧﻪﺳ ﻥﻪﮔﻩﺩ . ﻯﺩﯟﺗ ﻝﯘﺑ 1943 -
ﻥﺎﻨﯨﺭﺎﺘﻗﺍﺯﺎﻗ ﺎﻴﻟﻮﻌ ﻴﻣﻮﮔ ﻦﯩﻋﺎﻤﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﺎﻳﺮﺗﻭ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﺗﺭﺎﭘ ﻥﺎﻌﻟﺎﺘﻗﺎﺳﺎﺟ ﺎﻨﯩﺳﺎﻘﻳﺎﺷ ﯟﺗﻩ ﺕﺍﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻨﯩﻟﻮﻗ ﻥﺍﺪﻨ
ﻰﺘﭙﯨﺭﺎﭘﺍ ﭖﻪﺘﺗﻪﻴﺳﺎﻗ . ﺲﯩﻋﻮﺳ ﻰﺳﻭ ء ﺲﯨ
ﺭﻪﮕﻧﺍﺪﻳﺎﻣ ﻥﺎﻘﺴﯩﺗﺎﻗ ﺎﻨﯩﻠﯩﻤﻴﻗ ء ﻰﻟﯗ ﺭﻪﻤﻗﺍ ﻦﯨﺭﺍﺩﯘﻟ ء ﻩﺪﻨﯩﮕﯩﻟﻪﺘﺳﻩ ﯔﯩﻨﯨﺯﻭ : »
ﺍ ﻥﺎﻘﻘﯩﺷ ﻥﺎﻨﯨﯞﺭ ﺮﯩﻌﻳﺍﺭﺎﺑﯘﺷ ﻯﺭﺍﺩﺯﺎﺑﺭﺎﺳ ﻕﺍﺯﺎﻗ ﻥﻪﻤﯨﺭﻩﺩﺯﻭ ﻦﯨﯟﺗ ﻕﺍ ﻰﻟﻪﻴﻛ ﯔﯨﺩﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﻰﺘﻗﺎﺗ ﭗﯩﻟﺍ ﭖﺍﺪﻤﯨﺮﯨ ﻪﮔﺮﯩﺑ ء ﻯﺩﺭﯘﺟ . ﻕﺍﺯﺎﻗ ﻖﯩﻟﺎﻴﻟﻮﻌﯕﻮﻣ ،ﺭﻻﻮﺑ ﻰﺗﻩﺮﯨﺩﯘﻗ ﻩﺪﻟﺍ ﻰﺗﺎﻋﺎﭘﺎﺷ ﯔﯨﺩﯟﺗ ﻝﻮﺳ ﻥﺎﺗﻭ ﻯﺭﺍﺩﺯﺎﺑﺭﺎﺳ ء ﻯﺩﺍﺪﻨﯨﺭﻭ ﻥﻪﭙﻜﯩﻟﺭﻩ ﻰﻧﺎﻣﺮﯩﺴﭘﺎﺗ ﻦﯩﻴﻗ ،ﺍﺩ ﻯﺩﺰﯩﯕﺎﻣ ﺎﺳﺍ ﻦﯩﺷﯗ « ، - ﻯﺪﻳﻩﺩ
. ﻰﺷﻩﺮﯩﺟﻪﺷ ﺎﺑﺎﺑ ﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻰﻟﯗ ﻢﯩﺳﯞﺎﻣ ﺭﺎﻌﯕﻭ ﻦﯨﯟﺗ ﻕﺍ ﻰﻟﻪﻴﻛ ﻰﺳﻭ ﯔﯨﺩﺰﯩﻣ ء ﺩﺎﺘﻳﺍ ﻦﯩﻧﻪﮔﺭﻮﻛ ﯔﯩﻨﯨﺯﻭ ﻯ : » ﻝﯘﺑ -
ﻥﻩﺪﺑﺍ ﺑ ،ﭗﯩﺗﻪﺟ ﻰﻌﯨﺯﻮﺗ ﻰﻟﯘ ء
ء ﯟﺗ ﻕﺍ ﻥﻪﻜﺗﻪﻛ ﭗﯩﻳﺎﻋﺭﺎﺳ ﻰﯕﻭ . ﻰﮕﯩﺘﻜﯩﻴﺑ -
150 ﺮﯩﺗﻪﻤﯩﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻰﻧﻩ ، -
70
ﺮﯩﺗﻪﻤﯩﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻥﻪﻛﻩ ﻕﺍﺮﻳﺎﺑ ﻥﻪﮕﻟﻪﺘﺴﯨ ﻥﺍﺩﺎﺗﺎﻣ ﻕﺍ ، . ،ﻥﻪﮕﻠﯨﺭﻪﻜﻣﻮﻛ ﻰﻋﺎﺟ ﺭﻼﻳﺎﺑ ﺎﻘﻘﯨﺮﯩﺳ ء ﻦﯩﺘﻳﻼﻳﺎﺑ ﻥﻩﺩﺭﻪﺟ ﺵﯗ ﺑ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻯﯞﺎ
. ،ﺎﻣ ﻰﺷﯗ ﺍﺰﻳﺎﻧ ،ﺎﻣ ﻰﻋﻭ ﻕﺍﺩﺎﺳ ﻩﺪﻨﯨﺯﻪﻛ ء ﻥﺎﻋﺎﻣﺎﺟ ﭗﯩﮕﯩﺗ ﻥﻪﭙﭙﯩﺟ ﻕﺍ ﻦﯨﺭﻪﻟﺭﻪﺟ ﻥﺎﻌﻠﯩﺗﺮﯩﺟ ،ﭗﯩﻴﺗ ﻥﻪﻛﻩ . ﻰﻌﯨﺪﻨﯨﺯﯗ ﻪﮔﺮﯩﺑ ﻥﻪﻣﯟﺗ 30
ﺮﯩﺗﻪﻤﯩﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻦﯩﺘﻳﻼﻳﺎﺑ ﺎﻨﯩﺳﺎﺑ ﯔﯨﺩﯟﺗ ﻩﺪﻨﯨﺭﻪﺸﻟﻮﻣ ء ﺍﺭﺎﻗ ﯔﯩﻨﯩﻘﻠﯩﺟ ﺲﯨﯞ ﺮﯩﺑ ،ﻰﻠﯩﻗ ء ﺮﯩﺑ - ﺭﺎﺑ ﯞﺎﺑ ﺲﯩﻳﺎﻗ ﻰﻛﻩ . ﺮﯩﮔﯘﺟ ﻯﺪﻤﯩﻟﻮﻗ ﺕﻩﺭ ﻰﺸﻨﯩﻛﻩ ﺎﻘﻘﯨﺪﻧﺎﺳ ،ﻰﺷﯗ ﯔﯩﻧﺍﺰﻳﺎﻧ ،ﭗﯩﺗ ء ﻚﯩﻠﯩﺴﯩﻛ ﺮﯩﺑ ﺘﻘﯩﺷ ﭗﯩﻟﺍ ﻦﯩﮔﻪﻠﻳﻮﻛ ﯔﯩﻨﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺭﻩ ،ﺎﺗﺎﻣ ﻕﺍ ﻚﯩﺘﺗﻩﺮﯩﻗﺍ ﻢﯩ . ﻥﺎﻌﻨﯩﻟﺎﺳ ﻪﮔﺰﯩﻴﻛ ﺎﺘﻘﯨﺪﻧﺎﺳ » ﯘﻗ ﻥﺍﺭ « ﺭﺎﺑ ﻰﺑﺎﺘﯩﻛ ﻥﻪﻛﻩ . ﺍﺰﻳﺎﻧ 30
ﺮﯩﺗﻪﻤﯩﺘﻧﺎﺳ ،ﻦﯨﺯﯗ
6 - 7 ﺮﯩﺗﻪﻤﯩﺘﻧﺎﺳ
ﺎﻨﯩﺳﺎﺑ ﯔﯩﺘﻘﯨﺮﯩﺳ ،ﻥﻪﮕﻟﻩﺩﺯﯘﺟ ﻰﻋﺎﺟ ﻰﻛﻩ ،ﻕﺎﭙﻟﺎﺟ ﻦﯩﺗﻪﺘﯩﻛﻪﺑ ﭖﻪﻟﻪﮔﻪﺷ ،ﻰﺴﯩﻌﯕﯗ ﻦﯩﺗﻻﺎﺘﭘﺎﺳ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻰﮕﯩﺳﻪﺗ ﻥﻩﺩﺭﻪﺟ ﻰﻛﻩ . ﻚﯩﺗ ﻥﻪﮕﻠﯩﮕﯩﺗ ﻥﺍﺪﻟﯘﺑ ﻕﺍ ﻙﻪﻠﻳﻮﻛ ﻥﺎﻌﻠﯨﺮﯩﺳ ﻯﯞﺍﺮﯩﻣﻭ ،ﻰﺷﯗ ﯔﯩﻨﯩﯕﻪﺟ ﻰﻟﺎﻋﺎﺟ . ﻰﻜﺸﯨ ﯔﯩﻨﯩﻟﯘﺑ ،ﺭﺎﺑ ﻰﺳﻪﻤﻳﯘﺗ ﺍﺪﻨﯩﺷﯗ ﯔﯩﻨﯩﯕﻪﺟ ﻥﻪﻣ ﻰﺳﺎﻋﺎﺟ ﻞﯨﺰﯩﻗ ﻥﻪﻣ ﯞﺯﺎﺟ ﺎﺘﻗﺎﺗ ﺍﺪﻨﯩﻋﺎﺟ ء ﺭﺎﺑ ﻰﮔﻪﻧﺭﻭ ﻯﺪﯕﻭ « . ،ﻪﺗ ﻙﻪﺴﻠﯩﺑ ﻦﯩﻧﻪﻛﻩ ﺍﺪﻳﺎﻗ ،ﻦﯩﻧﻪﻛﻩ ﻱﺍﺪﻧﺎﻗ ﯔﯨﺩﯟﺗ ﻕﺍ ﻥﺎﻋﺎﺘﺳﯗ ﯔﯨﺩﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻯﺭﻪﺟ ﻥﺎﻘﺗﺎﺟ ﯔﯨﺩﺰﯩﻣﺎﺑﺎﺑ -
ﺰﯩﻤﻳﻪﻤﻠﯩﺑ ﻦﯩﻧﻪﻛﻩ ﺍﺪﻳﺎﻗ ﻰﺘﻗﺎﻧ ﯔﯩﻨﯩﺗﺍﺮﻳﺯ . ﺰﯩﻤﯩﻨﯩﺗﻪﻠﯩﺑ ﻙﻪﺗ -
ﻰﻋﺍﺪﯕﺎﺠﯖﯩﺷ ﻰﺳﺎﺑ ﯔﯨﺩﺰﯩﻣﺎﺑﺎﺑ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﻰﮕﯨﺪﻧﻪﻛﻩ ﻕﻮﺟ ﻩﺪﻨﯩﺳﻪﻜﻟﻭ ﻱﺎﺘﻟﺍ . ﻥﺍﺪﯩﺳﻭ 2 - 3 ﺱﺍﺪﻨﯩﻳﺎﻋﺍ ﻦﯨﺭﯘﺑ ﻞﯩﺟ ء ﺰﯩﻣﯞﻪﻛﻩ ﻥﺍﺩﺎﻳﺍﺯ ﻥﺎﺤﺗﻻﻮﺑ ﻢﯩﻨﯨ ﺎﻤﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﺘﻟﺍ ،ﭖﻻﺍﺭﺍ ﻦﯩﺳﻪﻜﻟﻭ ﯓﺎﺠﯖﯩﺷ ﯔﯨﺪﻳﺎﺘﯩﻗ ﺎﻨﯨﺭﺍﺪﻧﺍﺩﯞﺍ ﻦﯩﺷﺮﯨﯟﺑ ،ﺎﺑﺎﻗ ﻦﯩﺗﺍﺭﯘﺗ ﭖﻮﻛ ﺭﻻﺮﯩﻌﻳﺍﺭﺎﺑﯘﺷ ﯔﯩﻨﯩﻋ ،ﭗﯩﺳﻪﻠﻳﻮﺳ ﻥﻪﻤﯨﺭﺎﺘﺗﺎﻣﺍﺯﺍ ﻞﯩﺷﻩﺮﯩﺟﻪﺷ ﯔﯨﺪﻠﯨﯞﺍ ﻥﻪﻣ ﺭﻻﺎﻳﺭﺎﻗ ﺯﻮﻛﻪﻧﻮﻛ ﻰﻋﺍﺪﻧﻮﺳ ،ﭗﯨﺭﺎﺑ ﻦﯩﻳﻩﺩ ﻩﺩﺰﯩﻤﯨﺯﻪﻛ ﻥﻪﻜﺳﻪﻟﻪﻤﯩﮕﯕﺍ ﺰﯩﺒﻨﯩﺗﻻﻮﺑ ﻥﻪﮔﺰﯩﻜﺗﻪﺟ ﺯﻮﻛ ﻥﺎﻋﯘﺑ . ﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ 1760
- ﻯﺭﺍﺪﻠﯩﺟ
) ﻯﺭﺎﺑﻪﻧ
37
ﺎﻧﺎﻋ ﺍﺪﻨﯩﺳﺎﺟ ( ء ﺯﻭ ﻯﺭﺎﺳ ،ﭗﯩﻟﻮﺑ ﻚﯩﻟﻪﻴﻧﯗﺩ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻨﯩﻟﺎﺟﺍ
ﺍﺩﺎﻗﺭﺍ » ﺵﺎﻋﻼﯨﺰﯩﻗ
- ﻰﻟﺎﺷﺭﺍ
« ﻩﺩﺭﻪﺟ ﻥﻪﮔﻩﺩ ﻕﺍﺮﯩﻨﯩﻴﻗ ﯟﻧﻪﺳ ﻪﮔﻪﻤﯩﮕﯕﺍ ﻰﻋﺍﺪﻨﯨﺯﯞﺍ ﻝﻩ ﻥﻪﮔﻩﺩ ﻥﻪﮕﻧﻪﻟﺭﻪﺟ .
،ﯔﯩﻨﯩﻟﻩ ﯔﯨﺩﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﻰﻧﻪﻜﺘﻳﻭ ﻯﺮﯨﺪﻋﺎﺗ ﯔﯩﻨﯩﻘﻟﺎﺣ ء ﻦﯩﺷﯗ
1757 - ﻱﺎﺘﯩﻗ ﻰﻠﻳﺎﺟ ﻰﻧﻪﮔﺰﯩﻜﺗﻭ ﺯﻮﺴﺴﯩﻟﻪﻛ ﻥﻪﻤﯩﮕﯩﻠﻴﺑ ﻱﺎﺘﯩﻗ ﻰﻠﯩﺟ ﻩﺪﻨﯨﺭﻪﺘﻛﻩﺭﻩﺩ ،ﭖﺍﺭﺎﻗ ﺎﻨﯩﻧﺎﻌﻠﯨﺯﺎﺟ
ﻥﺎﺴﻳﺍﺯ ،ﻰﺴﯩﻠﺑﻭ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻗﺍﺯﺎﻗ ﺲﯩﻌﯩﺷ ،ﻲﻨﻋﺎﻳ ،ﻩﺪﻨﯨﺭﻪﺟ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻗﺍﺯﺎﻗ ﻰﺳﺎﺑ ﯔﯨﺩﺰﯩﻣﺎﺑﺎﺑ » ﻩﺪﻨﯨﺭﻪﺟ
« ﻯﺩﻪﻟﻪﻛ ﺍﺭﯟﺗ ﻪﮔﯟﺴﯩﻟﻪﻛ ﻥﻪﻤﯨﺭﻩﺪﺟﺍﯞ ﻥﺎﻘﺘﻳﺍ ﯔﯨﺩﺭﻪﻠﯩﺷﯞﻪﺘﺗﺭﻩﺯ ﺮﯩﺒﻳﻪﻛ ﻥﻪﮔﻩﺩ . ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﻱﺍﺭﺎﻗ ﺎﻌﻳﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻋﺎﺳﻮﺑ ﻥﺍﺩﺭﺎﻌﯕﻮﺟ ﻪﮔﺮﯩﺑ ﻥﻪﻣﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻙﻪﺒﯩﻧﺎﺟ ﺭﻩ ﯔﯨﺩﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻱﻩﺭﻪﻛ
ﭖﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺵﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﯨﯞﺭ ﻰﻟﺍﺭﯟﺗ ﻰﻧﻪﻜﺷﻮﻛ
ﻯﺩﻻﺍ ﻻﻮﺑ ﻝﻪﻟﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻋﯘﺑ ﺭﻪﺘﻛﻩﺭﻩﺩ ﻲﺤﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻥﻪﻜﺗﻭ ﭗﯩﺘﻳﺍ ﺍﺪﯨﺭﺎﻋﻮﺟ . ﯔﯩﻨﯩﻧﺍﺩﯞﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻳﺍﺯ ﻩﺪﻨﯩﺳﻩﺮﯩﺟﻪﺷ :
» ﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﺮﯩﻌﻳﺍﺭﺎﺑﯘﺷ 1762 -
« ،
-
ﭖﻩﺩ ﻥﺎﻌﻠﯨﺯﺎﺟ . ﻯﯟﻟﻮﺑ ﻱﻻﻮﺳ ﻯﺭﻪﺟ ﻥﺎﻌﻟﻮﺑ ﺲﯩﺘﻳﺎﻗ ﯔﯨﺩﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ،ﻢﯩﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﻰﻠﯩﺟ ﻥﺎﻌﻟﻮﺑ ﺲﯩﺘﻳﺎﻗ ﻝﺍ ،ﻦﯩﻜﻣﯘﻣ ﻯﺪﻳﻪﻣﻩﺮﯩﻜﯖﯩﻟﻪﻛ . ﻯﺪﻠﯩﻛﻪﺳ ﻥﺎﻌﻠﯨﺯﺎﺟ ﻰﻠﯩﺟ ﻥﺎﻌﻟﻮﺑ ﺲﯩﺘﻳﺎﻗ ﯔﯨﺩﯞﺍﺮﯩﺟ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﻰﻠﻳﺎﻣﺎﺷﺍ ﻩﺩﺭﻪﺟ ﻝﯘﺑ ...
ﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﺍﺪﻨﯨﺭﺎﺘﺗﺎﻋﺍﺭﯘﻣ ﻱﺎﺘﯩﻗ ﻰﻟﯗ ﻥﺎﺤﻧﻪﺟﻩ ﺖﯩﻗﺎﺑ ﻰﺸﺤﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻥﻪﮕﻟﻪﻛ ﭗﯩﺷﻮﻛ ﻥﻪﻨﯩﻟﻩ ﻱﺎﺘﯩﻗ ﯔﯩﻧﻭ ،ﻲﻨﻋﺎﻳ ،ﻦﯩﻧﻪﻛﻩ ﺭﺎﺑ ﯔﯨﺩﺭﻪﺘﻛﻩﺭﻩﺩ ﻰﻟﺍﺭﯟﺗ
ﺍﺪﻨﯨﺭﺎﺗﺎﻗ ﺭﻪﻠﯩﺸﻟﻩ ﻥﺎﻋﺭﺎﺑ ﻪﮕﯖﯩﺠﻳﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﯩﺗﺍ ﻰﻌﯨﺪﻧﺎﺣ ﻕﺍﺯﺎﻗ ﺍﺩﯞﺎﺳ ﻥﻪﻤﯩﻟﻩ ﻱﺎﺘﯩﻗ ،ﻦﯩﻧﺎﻌﻟﻮﺑ - ﻯﺩﺎﺘﻳﺍ ﻦﯩﻧﺎﻌﻟﻮﺑ ﺎﻌﻟﯘﺗ ﻯﺪﻟﺎﭙﻘﯨ ﺍﺩﯞﺎﺳﺎﺟ ﻖﯩﺘﺗﺎﺳ . ﯞﻪﺘﺗﺭﻩﺯ ،ﭗﯩﻟﺍ ﺎﻌﻟﻮﻗ ﻰﻨﯩﺳﻭ ﻯﺩﺰﯩﯕﺎﻣ ﻪﺗﻭ ء ﻕﺎﻤﻟﻮﺑ ﺲﯨ . ﻯﺭﺎﺘﻗﺎﭘﺭﯗ ﻥﺎﻋﺍﺭﺎﺗ ﻥﻪﻨﯩﻟﻪﻳﺍ ﻰﺸﯩﻛ ﻥﻪﮔﻩﺩ ﻚﯨﺯﯗﺩ ﯔﯨﺩﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﺍﺩﺎﻴﻟﻮﻌﯕﻮﻣ ء ﻯﺩﻩﺭﯘﺳ ﺮﯩﻣﻭ . » ﻪﮔﯟﺘﻳﻪﯕﻪﻛ ﻦﯨﺭﻪﺟ ﻕﺍﺯﺎﻗ ء ﻰﻤﯩﺳﻩ ﯔﯨﺩﺮﯩﺗﺎﺑ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ ﻥﺎﻘﺳﻮﻗ ﻦﯩﺳﻪﻟﯗ ﺯﻭ ﻲﺤﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻦﯨﯟﺗ ﻕﺍ ﯔﯩﻧﻭ ،ﻪﺴﻠﯨﺰﯩﮕﻧﻩ ﺎﻋﺭﺎﺘﭘﺎﺘﯩﻛ ﻖﯩﻟﯟﻗﻭ ،ﭗﯩﻟﻪﺘﺗﺭﻩﺯ ﻙﻩﺮﯩﯕﻩﺭﻪﺗ ﺍﺪﻨﯩﻳﺎﺟ ﻰﮕﯩﻟﺭﻩ ﯔﯩﻧﻭ - ﻲﻧﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﻥﻪﻛﻩ ﺎﺴﻠﯩﻳﻮﻗ ﻪﻨﯨﺮﯩﺑ ﯔﯨﺩﺭﻼﻳﺎﺟﺍﺭﯘﻣ ﻖﯩﺘﺘﻟﯗ ،ﭗﯩﻟﺍ ﺎﻋﯞﺎﻋﺭﻮﻗ ﻩﺪﻨﯩﺗﻩﺭ ﺍﺭﯘﻣ « ﻼﻳﻭ ﭖﻩﺩ ﺰﯩﻤﻳ .
ﺭﻪﺘﺗﻪﻴﺑﻩﺩﺍ ﻥﺎﻌﻧﻻﺍﺪﻳﺎﭘ : 1.
ﺕ ﻦﻴﻧﺎﺗﻮﭘ . ﻥ . ﻭﺭﻩﯙﻪﻴﺳ ﻲﻛﺭﻪﭼﻭ - ﺕ ،ﻲﻴﻟﻮﮕﻧﻮﻣ ﻱﻮﻧﺩﺎﭘﺍﺯ . ﻰﯨ . ﭗﺳ ،ﺏ 1881 2 . ﻥ ﯙﻮﺘﺴﻳﺭﺍ .ﺍ . ﻥﻪﻣﻪﻠﭘ ﺢﻴﻜﺴﻛﺮﻳﯟﺗ ﻩﯙﺎﺘﺳﻮﺳ ﻡﻮﻜﺳﻪﭽﻴﻓﺍﺮﮔﻮﻨﺗﻩ ﺏﻭ ﻲﻜﺗﻪﻣﺍﺯ //
ﭗﯨﯙ ﺎﻨﻳﺭﺎﺘﺳ ﺎﻳﺍﯚﻴﺟ . 3 - 4 ، 1892
3 . » ﻱﻩﺭﻪﻛ « ﯞﺭ ﻕﺍﺯﺎﻗ
- ،ﻰﺤﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﯔﯩﻨﯨﺭﻻﺎﭙﻳﺎﺗ -15
2014 ﺝ
4 . » ﻱﻼﯩﺑﺍ ﻰﻧﺎﺣ ﯔﯩﺘﻗﺍﺯﺎﻗ « ﻯ ، - ﻝﻩ ،ﺭﺍﺪﻣﻮﺗ ﻰﯨ - ،ﻰﺳﺎﭙﺳﺎﺑ ﻩﺮﯩﺟﻪﺷ 2011 ﺝ
5 . ﯞﺍﺮﯩﺟ ﻥﻪﮔﺭﻪﺑﺎﺟﻮﻗ . » ﻢﯩﻟﻩ - ﻱﺍ « ،ﻰﺗﺎﻤﻟﺍ ،ﻰﺳﺎﭙﺳﺎﺑ ﺕﺭﯘﻌﯨﺯﺎﻗ ، 2012
ﺝ
6 . ﺏ . ﯗﯘﺤﻟﻮﮕﻧﻮﻣ . » ﻥﺎﮕﻟﯞﯟﭼ ﻦﻳﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺖﺳﺍﻪﻴﺳ « ،ﺮﯩﺗﺎﺒﻧﻻﯞ ، 2009 ﺝ
7 . ﺩ. ﻝﻪﻴﺒﻣﻪﻳﻪﻴﺴﺗ . » ﺍﺎﻧﺎﺳﺭﺎﻣﺍ « ،ﺮﯩﺗﺎﺒﻧﻻﯞ ، 2009 ﺝ
8 . ﺩ. ﺍﺪﻟﻮﻤﻳﺎﺑ . » ﻰﺷﻮﻛ ﻕﺍﺯﺎﻗ « ،ﻰﺳﻻﺎﻗ ﻰﺗﺎﻤﻟﺍ ، 2013 ﺝ
9 .
» ﻰﻧﺍﺭﯗ ﻝﻩ
- ﻙﻪﺒﯩﻧﺎﺟ ﺭﻩ « ،ﻰﺗﺎﻤﻟﺍ ،ﺭﻻﻻﺎﻗﺎﻣ ﯞﻪﺘﺗﺭﻩﺯ ، 2014 ﺝ
10 . ﻭ . ﻢﯩﺳﯞﺎﻣ
. » ﺱﻼﯩﻘﯨ ﺎﻋﺎﺗﺍ - ﺱﺍﺮﻴﻣ ﺎﻋﻻﺎﺑ « ،ﻰﺳﻻﺎﻗ ﻰﺗﺎﻤﻟﺍ ، 2011 ﺝ
ШЕТЕЛ ҚАЗАҚТАРЫ ЖӘНЕ ҚАЗАҚ ТІЛІ ШЕТЕЛ ҚАЗАҚТАРЫ ЖӘНЕ ҚАЗАҚ ТІЛІ |