Сборник материалов VIІІ международной научной конференции студентов и молодых ученых «Наука и образование 2013»
Вилана ӛсімдігінің анатомиялық қҧрылысының ӛлшемдері
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- Бұл бет үшін навигация:
- Introduction.
- Materials and methods. Seed material.
- Seed treatments.
- Нydro-priming
- Results, discussion and conclusion.
Вилана ӛсімдігінің анатомиялық қҧрылысының ӛлшемдері Вилана сортының тамыр, сабақ және жапырақ мҥшелері дамып жетілгенде анатомиялық қҧрылысын зерттеу жҥргізілінді. Жапырақ мҥшесінің морфо-анатомиялық қҧрылысын зерттеу кезінде жапырақ ҧзындығының орташа кӛрсеткіші – 216,00 мкм, алғашқы қабықтың ҧзындығы – 432,21 мкм, қалыңдығы – 190,83 мкм, орталық жҥйке қалыңдығы – 463,87 мкм, трихомасының ҧзындығы – 1214,78 мкм, ӛткізгіш шоқ ӛлшемі – 181,11 мкм қҧрады. Сабақтың морфо-анатомиялық ӛлшемін зерттеу нәтижесінде сабақ диаметрі – 2601,95 мкм, орталық шеңбер ҧзындығы – 489,56 мкм, ӛткізгіш шоқ – 297,32 мкм, ені – 225,27 мкм, ӛзектік қуысының ҧзындығы – 1374,87 мкм, ені – 544,71 мкм қҧрайтыны анықталды. Тамырдың морфо-анатомиялық ӛлшемін зерттеу кезінде диаметрі – 1515,50 мкм, алғашқы қабық қалыңдығы – 420,98 мкм, паренхималық қатар саны – 7 дана, орталық шеңбер ҧзындығы – 564,74 мкм, трихомасының ҧзындығы – 51,88 мкм, ксилеманың – 319,95 мкм, ал ризодерманың ӛлшем кӛрсеткіші – 21,59 мкм – ге тең болды.
Кесте 2 – Вилана сортының вегетативті мҥшелерінің анатомиялық қҧрылысының ӛлшемі (орта кӛрсеткіші) Жапырақтың морфо-анатомиялық ӛлшемі Алғашқы кабық,
мкм Жапырақ
ҧзындығы , мкм
Жапырағының қалыңдығы, мкм Орталық
жҥйке қалыңдығы , мкм Трихомасыны ң ҧзындығы, мкм
Ӛткізгіш шоқ 432,21
216,00 190,83
463,87 1214,78
181,11 Сабақтың морфо-анатомиялық ӛлшемі Диаметрі , мкм
Орталық шеңбер
ҧзындығы Ӛткізгіш шоқ, мкм Ені, мкм Ӛзектік қуыс, мкм
ҧзындығы ені 397 , мкм
2601,95 489,56
297,32 225,27
1374,87 544,71
Тамырдың морфо-анатомиялық ӛлшемі Диаметрі Алғашқы қабық Паренхималы қ қатар саны Орталық
шеңбер ҧзындығы Трихома Ксилем
а Ризодерм
а 1515,50
420,98 7 564,74 51,88 319,95
21,59
Вилана сортының тамырының анатомиялық қҧрылысында ксилема сәулелері айқын тӛрт сәулелі тетраархты екендігі анықталды. Бір жылдық ӛсімдіктердің анатомиялық қҧрылысына сәйкес алқашқы қабықтан ішке қарай орталық цилиндр бар, оның сыртынан алғашқы меристема бір қатар клеткалардан тҧратын меристема перицикл қоршаған, ішінде радиальды ӛткізгіш шоқ орналасқан [сурет 2].
Ескертпе: А – тамырдың жалпы анатомиялық қҧрылысы; Б – тамырдың орталық тетраархты-шеңбері
ҚОРЫТЫНДЫ Май бҧршақ дақылы жылу сҥйгіш ӛсімдік болғандықтан екінші тәуліктен бастап тҧқымы ісініп, бӛртіп, ҥшінші тәулікте қос тҧқым жарнағы екіге ажырап, тамыры ӛсіп шықты, ӛніп шығуы 85% қҧрады. Анатомиялық қҧрылысында ерекшелік байқалды, тамырдың анатомиялық қҧрылысында Вилана сортында ксилема тетраархты екендігі айқындалды.
1.
Сейітов Қ., Ӛріспаев І. Суармалы егіншілік ӛнімін арттыру. – Алматы. –Б.58-69 2.
Pantalone V.R., Burton J.W., Carter T.E. Jr. // Soybean fibrous root herita-bility and genotipic correlations with agronimic and seed quality traits // Crop. Sci. – 1996. Vol.36. №5. – P.1120-1125. 3.
Атақҧлов Т.А., Арыстанғҧлов С.С., Каракальев А.С., Салаңшынова Б.М., Елшібаев А.Е. Ӛсімдік шаруашылығының практикумы. – Алматы баспасы, 2007. –Б.125-127. 4.
технологиясы. Алматы: Қайнар, 1994ж. –Б.457-163. 5.
Зеленцов С. В. Современное состояние систематики культурной сои Glycine max (L.) Merrill. / С. В. Зеленцов, А. В. Кочегура // Масличные Культуры. Науч.-техн. бюллетень ВНИИМК. – вып. 1 (134). – Краснодар. – 2006. – С.34-48 6.
Можаев Н.И., Әрінов Қ.К., Нҧрғалиев А.Н., Можаев А.Н. Ӛсімдік шаруашылығы. – Ақмола 1993. –Б.160-161. 7.
http://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/
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UDC 581.1 IMPROVING SEED GERMINATION AND PLANT GROWTH BY PRE-SOWING PRIMING Babenko O.N., Babenko_ON@mail.ru L.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana Scientific adviser – Z.A. Alikulov
of Kazakhstan. However often observed in this region adverse climatic and soil (deficiency of molybdenum) conditions negatively effect onthe sowing qualities of seeds, that leads to thinning of crops and decrease in productivity. It is well known that the adaptive capacity of plants to abiotic stresses can be improved at the early stages of plant development, such as the stage of the imbibition of seed [1,2,3]. Currently pre-sowing soaking, called priming, is widespread. Priming is pre-sowing seed soaking in solutions of various compounds for their complete saturation and drying them. It is used in large quantities for the pre-sowing treatment of small-seeded vegetables. Possibility of priming seed crops, such as spring barley, spring wheat and agropyron, in the north Kazakhstan has not been studied. The results ofresearch by the Institute of Soil Science, contributes National Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan, showed that soil Kazakhstan contain 3-5 times less molybdenum than thatnecessary for normal growth and development of plants. It is well known that sodium molybdate is used as a soil additive in areas where natural molybdenum is deficient and plant growth suffers. It is usually applied as part of fertilizer or seed treatments.So, priming of seeds in the molybdate solution is one of the cheapest and cleanest ways to ensure plants by this metal. Therefore, in the next set of experiments we studied the effects of pre-sowing seed priming with molybdateor tungstate (chemical analogue of molybdenum) on the seed germination and plant growth.
Materials and methods. Seed material. The objects of our experiments were the seeds of spring barley cultivar Astana-2000, spring wheat cultivar Akmola-2 and agropyron cultivar Batyr, which were breeding in the A.I. Barayev research and production center of the grain farming and reproducting in 2011. The seeds weresterilized by using 15% hypochlorite for five minutes andthen washed three times with distilled water.
mM) and tungstate (W = 25, 50 and 75 mM) for 7 hours at room temperature. The sources for molybdenum and
tungsten were
sodium molybdate (Na 2
4* 2H 2 O) and
sodium tungstate(Na 2 WO
2H 2 O), respectively. Нydro-priming: The seeds were soaked in solution ofdistilled water for 7 hours at room temperature. The control group of seeds has not been pre-sowing treatment of priming. Post treatment operations. After seed treatments the seeds were given surface washing three times by distilled water. Then the seeds were dried in air at room temperature to air-dry statе for 13 hours. Twenty numbers of seeds were sown for each treatment and control group in Petri dishes having moist with distilled water filter paper (Whatman 42). There were three replications for each treatment and control group. Seeds were germinated in thermostat at 23 0 C for three days.After three days the seeds were determined pre-germination and germinative energy [4]. Thus, for the germinated seeds were considered seeds, in which the length of the hypocotyl was equal to the length of the seed, or was greater than this length. Total germination of seeds was determined on the seventh day.
399 As parameters of seedling growth were used data of the accumulation of raw and dry biomass, height of seedlings, root length and were calculated the ratio of root/shoot [5].The obtained results were subjected to statistical analysis.
Changes in the indicators of germination and germinative energy of seed of the agropyron, spring barley and wheat under various priming variants are presented in Figures 1, 2, 3, respectively.
Fig. 1:Effects of seed priming on the germination and germinative energy of agropyron seeds.Explanation: 1 – control seeds (seeds without priming); 2 – hydro-primed seeds; 3 – 25 mM Mo-primed seeds; 4 – 50 mM Mo-primed seeds; 5 – 75 mM Mo-primed seeds; 6 – 25 mM W- primed seeds; 7 – 50 mM W-primed seeds; 8 – 75 mM W-primed seeds.
Fig. 2:Effects of seed priming on the germination and germinative energy of barley seeds.Explanation: 1 – control seeds (seeds without priming); 2 – hydro-primed seeds; 3 – 25 mM Mo-primed seeds; 4 – 50 mM Mo-primed seeds; 5 – 75 mM Mo-primed seeds; 6 – 25 mM W- primed seeds; 7 – 50 mM W-primed seeds; 8 – 75 mM W-primed seeds.
Pre-sowing hydro-priming increased the germination of seeds of wheat and barley by 2%, but the germination of seeds of agropyron - by 8% (see Fig. 1,2,3). 400 Pre-sowing priming in increasing concentrations of molybdenum (from 25 mM to 75 mM) also increased the germination of seeds. However, its effect was different for the seeds of various tested plants. Thus, the effect of molybdenum priming resulted to increase germination of wheat seeds by 2%, and it is not depended on the concentration of molybdate solution which was used for priming. The germination of barley seeds increased by 4% at 25 mM Mo-priming, whereas at 50 mM and 75 mM Mo-priming germination of barley seeds rose by 7% as against control seeds. The germination of agropyron seeds increased by 20, 23 and 30% as against control and 12, 15 and 22% as against hydro-primed seeds at 25 mM, 50 mM, and 75 mM Mo-priming, respectively. So, Mo- priming effect on the germination of agropyron seeds was the most significant.
Fig. 3:Effects of seed priming on the germination and germinative energy of wheat seeds.Explanation: 1 – control seeds (seeds without priming); 2 – hydro-primed seeds; 3 – 25 mM Mo-primed seeds; 4 – 50 mM Mo-primed seeds; 5 – 75 mM Mo-primed seeds; 6 – 25 mM W- primed seeds; 7 – 50 mM W-primed seeds; 8 – 75 mM W-primed seeds.
Pre-sowing priming in increasing concentrations of tungsten (from 25 mM to 75 mM) dramatically reduced the germination of seeds. Thus, at 75 mM W-priming the seed germination of wheat was in 19.6 times less than in control. While the tungstate priming on germination of barley and agropyron seeds affected less dramatically (see Fig. 1,2,3), it decreased in 2 and 4 times, respectively, as against control. The germinative energy of wheat, barley and agropyron seeds increased by 5, 20 and 14%, respectively, as against control at pre-sowing hydro-priming (see Fig. 1,2,3). The germinative energy of tested plants seeds was also higher as against control and hydro- priming at Mo-priming. At the increase in the concentration of molybdenum (from 25 mM to 75 mM) in the priming solution the germinative energy of barley and agropyron seeds also increased, while the germinative energy of wheat seeds, vice versa, slightly decreased, although it still was higher than the control and hydro-priming seeds. Pre-sowing priming of tungstate (from 25 mM to 75 mM) inhibited germinative energy of seeds, and most intense in the seeds of wheat and agropyron. Thus, the germinative energy of wheat and agropyron at 75 mM W-priming was 1 and 3%, respectively. While the tungstate priming on the germinative energy of barley affected less dramatically, this parameter was 21% (see Fig. 1,2,3). Thus, priming of plant seeds with water and molybdate has a positive effect, which is reflected in an increase of the germinative energy of seeds and their germination, respectively. Seed priming of tungstate inhibits the germinative energy of seed and reduces their germination. Our results showed that hydro-priming and priming in increasing concentrations of molybdate stimulated the height of seedlings and roots length, the accumulation of raw biomass, as a shoot, and roots (see Table 1). Differences in the dynamics of dry biomass accumulation in these plants were small as against control .
401
Table 1. - The parameters of the growth of one -week-old seedling. plant
wheat barley
agropyron cultivar Akmola-2 Astana-2000 Batyr variants of treatment/ parameters co n tro l h y d ro -p rimin g
Mo- priming
W- priming
co n tro l h y d ro -p rimin g
Mo- priming
W- priming
co n tr o l h y d ro -p rimin
g
Mo- priming W- priming 2 5 m M
5 0 m M 7 5 m M
2 5 m M
5 0 m M 7 5 m M
2 5 m M
5 0 m M 7 5 m M
2 5 m M
5 0 m M 7 5 m M
2 5 m M
5 0 m M 7 5 m M
2 5 m M
5 0 m M 7 5 m M
shoot height, cm 6 ,5 7 ,5 8 ,3 8 ,8 5
8 ,9 5
3 ,3 5 2 ,0 7
1 ,9 5
7 ,9
8
8 ,4
9 ,0 6
9 ,5
4 ,6
2 ,1 5 1 ,8 4 ,3 4 ,5 4 ,5 5
5 ,3
2 ,5
1 ,4 5 0 ,9 3
roots length, cm 7 ,2
9
8 ,8
9 ,2
9 ,8
2 ,1
1, 7
1 8 ,3 1 0 ,5
9 9 ,4 9 ,3 3 ,5 0 ,5 0 ,3 4 ,2 5 ,1 5 ,5 5 ,7 5 ,9 1 ,8 1 ,5 1
raw biomass of shoot, g 0 ,0 4 6
0 ,0 6 2
0 ,0 5 8 0 ,0 6
0 ,0 7
0 ,0 2 6
0 ,0 0 4 0 ,0 0 3
0 ,0 7 8
0 ,0 7 1 0 ,0 8 2
0 ,0 9 9
0 ,0 8 8 0 ,0 5 6
0 ,0 2 6
0 ,0 2 1 0 ,0 4 2
0 ,0 5 0 ,0 5 4
0 ,0 5 6
0 ,0 5 8 0 ,0 2 3
0 ,0 1 5
0 ,0 1
dry biomass of shoot, g 0 ,0 1 4
0 ,0 0 9
0 ,0 1
0 ,0 0 5
0 ,0 0 4 0 ,0 0 2
0 ,0 0 2
0 ,0 0 2 0 ,0 0 9
0 ,0 0 8
0 ,0 1 1 0 ,0 3 1
0 ,0 0 8
0 ,0 0 5 0 ,0 0 4
0 ,0 0 2
0 ,0 0 5 0 ,0 0 6
0 ,0 0 6
0 ,0 0 7 0 ,0 0 7
0 ,0 0 2
0 ,0 0 2 0 ,0 0 1
raw biomass of roots 0 ,0 2 4
0 ,0 5 2
0 ,0 6
0 ,0 6 2
0 ,0 7 7 0 ,0 0 3
0 ,0 0 3
0 ,0 0 1 5
0 ,0 7
0 ,0 8 9
0 ,0 9 6 0 ,0 9 9
0 ,0 9 6
0 ,0 0 9 0 ,0 0 5
0 ,0 03 0 ,0 2 2
0 ,0 3 4
0 ,0 5 3 0 ,0 5 4
0 ,0 5 6
0 ,0 0 5 0 ,0 0 3
0 ,0 0 1
dry biomass of roots 0 ,0 0 7
0 ,0 1 1 0 ,0 0 9
0 ,0 0 5
0 ,0 0 5 0 ,0 0 1
0 ,0 0 1
0 ,0 0 0 5
0 ,0 1 3 0 ,0 1 2
0 ,0 0 9
0 ,0 0 6 0 ,0 0 6
0 ,0 0 2
0 ,0 0 2 0 ,0 0 1
0 ,0 0 6
0 ,0 0 7 0 ,0 0 7
0 ,0 0 7
0 ,0 0 7 0 ,0 0 2
0 ,0 0 1
0 ,0 0 0 5
ratio of root/shoot 0 ,5 2 1 7 4 0 ,8 3 8 7 1
1 ,0 3 4 4 8
1 ,0 3 3 3 3 1 ,1 0 ,1 1 5 3 8
0 ,7 5
0 ,5
0 ,8 9 7 4 4 1 ,2 5 3 5 2
1 ,1 7 0 7 3
1
1 ,0 9 0 9 1
0 ,1 6 0 7 1 0 ,1 9 2 3 1
0 ,1 4 2 8 6
0 ,5 2 3 8 1 0 ,6 8
0 ,9 8 1 4 8
0 ,9 6 4 2 9 0 ,9 6 5 5 2
0 ,2 1 7 3 9
0 ,2
0 ,1
Pre-sowing priming in increasing concentrations of tungstate reduced the height of seedlings, intense inhibited roots length, had a negative effect both on the accumulation of raw biomass, and on the accumulation of dry biomass of seedlings.
The ratio of root/shoot in water and molybdate primed seedlings was higher as against control and was either one, or a value close to unity. This suggests that these types of priming stimulate uniform development of the root system and shoot. Is necessary to note that for the northern regions of Kazakhstan with due regard to unstable weather conditions of the spring period recommended cultivars that develop a strong root system in the early stages of plant development [6]. From this point of view, molybdate priming seeds give additional effect and enhance the sustainability of plants to adverse factors. The ratio of root/shoot in tungstate primed seedlings was lower as against control. This indicates that pre-sowing seed treatment with tungsten largely inhibits root growth as against shoot growth. Thus, water and molybdate priming of seeds has a positive effect, which is expressed not only in the increase of germinative energy and total seed germination, synchronizes seed germination, but also to stimulate growth and development of plant at early stages of vegetation. Tungstate priming negatively affects both the germination and the growth rates of seedlings.
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