кигізге көтерді (aq kɪgizge kóterdi) (choosen as the leader/ruler);
Ақ сақалды (aq saqaldy) (а white-bearded elder), ақ жаулықты ана (aq jaýlyqty
ana) (a mother) ‒ the symbol of honour, recognition. [6]
However, it could not be found phraseological units with the white colour, which have the
negative conations in Kazakh.
It can be drawn from the analysis above that the semantics of white in the Kazakh and English
phraseological units illustrate the predominance of common features over specific such as purity,
good, innocence.
The black colour is used to explicate suffering; the Kazakh people use both to exaggerate the
bad, negative, and the good, positive. According to the German ethnographer E.Grosse, the black
colour is polysemantic for Kazakhs. Academician A. N. Kononov, who studied the semantics of
colours in Turkic languages, notes the adjective black has about twenty additional figurative
meanings. In the explanatory dictionary of the Kazakh language, the word black has nine direct and
metaphorical definitions [12, 63].
The main meaning of the word black is the colour of coal. It became the basis of the origin of
many phraseological units with the various meaning.
1. Unpleasant: қара қағаз (qara qaǵaz) ‒ a mourning letter, қара жұмыс (qara jumys) ‒ a
manual labor, toil, work that requires physical effort or exertion.
2. Curse: қара басыңа көріңгір (qara basyńa kóringir), қара аспан аналып түскір (qara
aspan aɪnalyp túskir), басыңа қара күн тусын (basyńa qara kún týsyn) ‒ wishing a bad luck.
3. Ungrateful, shameless: қара жерге отырғызу (qara jerge otyrǵyzý) ‒ put in an awkward
position, қара бет (qara bet) ‒ tarnish one’s reputation, қара жермен тең болды (qara jermen
teń boldy) ‒ to become unnoticed, unrespected.
4. Villain: қара жау (qara jaý) ‒ the greatest enemy, қара бауыр (qara baýyr) ‒ a cruel,
unmerciful person, қара бастың қамын жеді (qara bastyń qamyn jedi) ‒ to look for his/her own
benefit/profit. [6]
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Not only has the black colour the negative meaning, but also it can be identified some positive
aspects:
1. Justice: қара қылды қақ жару (qara qyldy qaq jarý) (to cut the black hair in the middle) ‒
to resolve the dispute in the right way;
2. Holiness: қара шаңырақ (qara shańyraq) (a black wooden circle crowning the top of the
Yurt) ‒ a big, holy family, қара қазан (qara qazan) ‒ a sacred hearth, қара домбыра (qara
dombyra) (the Kazakh national instrument) ‒ a holy dombra, қара сөз (qara sóz) ‒ wise sayings,
qara jer (a black ground) ‒ the sacred land that feeds.
3. Welfare, prosperity: қара қазан көтеру (qara qazan kóterý), қара қанат болды (qara
qanat boldy) ‒ to grow up/mature.
4. Beauty: сүмбіл қара шаш (súmbіl qara shash) ‒ blue-black hair, қара қасы қыйылып
(qara qasy qıylyp) ‒ black eyebrows, ботадай қара көздері (botadaı qara kózderі) (camel eyes) ‒
big beautiful eyes.
Proceeding from the above, it follows that in the Kazakh language the black colour differs in
range of use and semantic features. This is due to the fact that it is the prevalent, expressive and
complex colour in nature.
The English language is characterized by the traditional correlation of black with something
bad, which is why phraseological units with the adjective black in the composition have negative
connotations [13].
There are many idioms in the English language where black symbolizes negative events in a
person's life:
1. Pessimistic perception of certain events: paint a black – to paint a dark picture, to paint
something with dark colours; a black day (for somebody) – a sad/disastrous day, a day when
something unfortunate happens.
2. The negative attitude of others: pot calling the kettle black ‒ a guilty person accusing
another guilty person, black-listed ‒ excluded, not be invited, not allowed to join, paint the devil
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