candidate of philological sciences, associate professor, professor of the department of foreign
master student of the department of foreign philology, A.Baitursunov Kostanai State University,
Ш. Уәлиханов атындағы КМУ хабаршысы ISSN 1608-2206 Филология сериясы. № 4, 2019
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in two cultures. In addition, it describes the general and specific characteristics of the studied
idioms in the Kazakh and English linguistic picture of the world.
Key words: phraseological units, colours, idioms, symbol, culture, meaning, mentality.
INTRODUCTION
Young people use to amuse themselves by applying coloured glasses to the eyes: if there is a
blue glass, the world becomes serious, strict, and sad. If it is yellow, it makes them smile
unintentionally, everything seems festive, even though the day is cloudy. Since the time of Newton,
colours have almost lost its magical, ritual functions. Once colours were considered almost deity.
However, objective science has proved that colour is only a subjective sensation that occurs when
the visual analyser is exposed to an electromagnetic wave of a certain length [1, 2]. Therefore,
colours are the subject for investigation in various areas of science. One of them is linguistics. The
language is a tool for communication and a storehouse of knowledge and memory about the social,
spiritual, cultural achievements and wealth of various nations.
The most important layer of the vocabulary of any language is phraseology. It should be
pointed out that for the first time the question of scientific foundations of phraseology is traced in
the work of the French researcher Charles Ballie [2]. His attempt to systematize and classify
phraseological units led to a number of consecutive studies in the field of phraseology in other
languages, including English and Kazakh.
English linguists use the term "idiom". The first scholar, who studied idioms, was L.Smith.
The author used the word "idiom" to refer to such features of the language, which are speech
anomalies that violate either the rules of grammar or the laws of logic [3]. Moreover, the most
significant works were written by A. Mackay [4], J.Seidi and W McMordie. [5].
The special study of phraseological units in the Kazakh linguistics begins with academician
I.Kenesbaev's works. As a result of his many years of research in 1977, he published a large volume
of "The Kazakh Dictionary of Phraseology", which contained more than 10 thousand idioms [6].
H.Kozhakhmetova, R.Zhaysakova, Sh.Kozhakhmetova produced a Russian-Kazakh dictionary
covering more than 2300 idioms. G.Smakulova has made about 3 500 words in total, covering a
considerable group of the Kazakh phraseology [7].
MAIN PART
A sufficiently large number of idioms are associated with colours. Idioms with colours are a
special category, with the help of which the surrounding reality is perceived through the prism of
colours. The meaning of colours depends on cultural traditions, customs, ways of life, peculiarities
of national mentality and consciousness. As N.Amosova states, colours play a vital role in
formation of the linguistic picture of the world, since each colour in different linguistic and cultural
communities are linked with certain associations, various colour preferences [8, 62]. E.Rogulina
notes, social stereotypes and ethnopsychological features are imposed on the physiological meaning
of colour, thereby causing specific connections, which are characteristic only for this linguistic
community.[9, 9]
The role of colour meanings in the formation of the linguistic picture of the world is
significant. They are widely used in everyday and literary speech, and have become an integral
component of modern languages.
B.A.Bazym considers that the number of colour symbols is quite limited. The most commonly
used are the so-called "basic colours", which usually include white, black, blue, green, yellow and
brown. This list may vary depending on the specific culture. (1, 3)
Thus, the white colour in different cultures is a symbol of hope, kindness, love, joy and other
concepts close to them. In the English language, white has positive and negative meanings.
1. Idioms, which are associated with purity, innocence, honesty:
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Great white hope ‒ something or someone that is expected to succeed. This
expression dates from the early 1900s, when heavyweight boxing champion Jack Johnson,
who was black, seemed invincible and the term was used for any white opponent who might
defeat him;
White lie ‒ an innocent lie, a lie for salvation;
White-handed ‒ decent, honest, spotless; [10]
White as the driven snow - clear, innocent;
White list ‒ a list of approved or favored items;
White knight ‒ the one that comes to the rescue of another.
2. Negative meaning of white:
Whitewash ‒ to gloss over or cover up (something, such as a record of criminal
behavior);
White elephant ‒ something of little or no value;
White knuckle ‒ marked by, causing, or experiencing tense nervousness. [11]
In the Kazakh language the white colour indicates the symbol of purity, innocence, for
instance:
Ақ сүтін ақтады (aq sýtin aqtady) (justified mother's milk) means a sign of the
noble trait, has performed with honor the debt, fulfilled the cherished wishes of parents.
Ақ бата (aq bata) ‒ wishing a bright future to someone,
Ақ қөңіл (aq kóńil), ақ жүрек (aq júrek) means an honest, good-natured man,
Ақ білек (aq bilek), ақ құба (aq quba), ақ дидар (aq didar) ‒ a beautiful lady;
Ақ сүйек (aq súɪek) (nobleman) ‒ a symbol of aristocracy, belonging to the Khan, an
aristocratic family, ақ орда (aq orda) (Khan's Horde), ақ үй (aq úɪ) (white house), ақ
Достарыңызбен бөлісу: