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Article 2. Current Programs in the US Social Welfare
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| Article 2. Current Programs in the US Social Welfare
American social welfare is furthered currently by two major categories of cash support programs. Social insurances, referred to as “social security,” are based on the prior earnings and payroll contributions of an individual, while public assistance, commonly known as “welfare,” is based on the financial need of an individual. The social insurance programs are Old Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance, Unemployment Insurance, and Workers Compensation. Those individuals contributing payroll taxes for a minimum of 10 years are covered permanently under the Old Age program. The “disability insurance” part of social security assists adults who are unable to engage in substantial employment. “Survivors insurance” covers children under 18 years of age, dependent parents, and dependent widowers or widows who receive benefits when an insured worker dies. Workers compensation provides victims of work-related injuries with cash, medical care, and rehabilitation services. The second major category of American cash support programs is called “public assistance.” They are based on individual need. Need is determined by a means test. The three primary public assistance programs in the US are Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF), Supplemental Security Income, and General Assistance. The Supplemental Security Income program assists poor people aged 65 or older as well as blind people and people with disabilities. General Assistance is a program for the needy who do not qualify for previously described federal assistance. Benefits include cash and/or in-kind payments. The federal government supports a number of health services for the poor, including services for war veterans, Native Americans, women and children. Medicare and Medicaid, the two major public health care programs in the US, are “in-kind” services, meaning no cash support is given directly to the individual. Medicare covers most hospital and medical costs for people aged 65 and over as well as for those on social security disability. Medicaid helps to finance health care for the poor. The federal government provides food programs to poor Americans. Public, private nonprofit and for-profit organizations all cooperate in the provision of these programs. For example, child nutrition programs reach out to poor children in schools, childcare centers, and summer camps. People participating in the food stamp program receive a monthly allotment of stamps. A wide range of other publicly-funded programs contribute to American social welfare. Many of these services are funded by government but delivered by private organizations. These services include child welfare programs such as child abuse and neglect prevention, foster care, adoption, shelter, and outreach services, childcare, education, and family planning services. In addition, the U.S. government supports employment and training programs for those seeking employment. жүктеу/скачать 264,17 Kb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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