Exercise 1. Translate the following sentences keeping in mind that the Past Perfect tense denotes the state or event that had occurred before the point of the past specified verbally or contextually: by 5 о ’clockyesterday, by the time you came, etc. 1. I had looked through the periodicals by the time the meeting began. 2. By 2 o ’clock
yesterday they had analyzed the results o f their experiment. 3. By the end o f the meeting we had
devised a set o f criteria to evaluate our achievements. 4. It took me more time to complete the paper
than I had expected. 5. We had completed the experiment by 5 o ’clock yesterday. 6 . 1 had been my
• father’s assistant during the holidays for 12 years. 7. He settled down in India because he had made
several earlier visits there. 8. We approved the methods they had adopted. 9. The teacher had
explained a new grammar by the time I came. 10. He had brought all the documents before the
meeting began. 11. After I had completed my paper I gave it to my scientific advisor to check.
Exercise 2.
Translate the following sentences keeping in
mind that the Future Perfect tense shows the state or event that is sure to occur by the point of the future shown verbally and/or contextually: by 5 о 'clock tomorrow, by the time you come, by the end o f the year, etc. 1. The postgraduate will have studied the problem by the end o f the year. 2. The teacher will
have given all the necessary information by the time the exam begins. 3. My scientific advisor will
have consulted me by this time tomorrow. 4. I shall have written my summary by December. 5. I
don’t know' whether we shall have completed the experiment by the end o f March. 6. We shall have
passed our exams by December 26. 7. They will have explored the planet thoroughly before the
others have a chance to land. 8. American scientists will have inspected all the objects before the
/
others establish radio communications with their earth stations. 9. If the Presidential candidate
keeps behaving like that, his rating will have dropped to zero by the beginning o f the actual
campaign. 10. By the end o f the week the Election Committee will have announced the results o f
voting.
