Учебное пособие для специальностей «Переводческое дело» и«Иностранный язык: два иностранных языка»
§ 2. Centralization of the country. Conditions for linguistic unity
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| § 2. Centralization of the country. Conditions for linguistic unity
Towards the end of the 15 th century the period of feudal disunity in Britain came to an end. Britain became a centralized state. After the end of the Hundred Years War (1337 - 1453) the feudal lords and their hired armies returned home from France, and life in Britain became more turbulent than ever. The baronial families at the king‟s court fought for power. This resulted in the civil war, known in history as the Wars of the Roses. It ended in 1485 with the establishment of a stronge royal power under Henry VII, the founder of the Tudor dynasty. Henry VII reduced the power of the old nobility and created new nobles out of the bourgeoisie and middle class who ardently supported him. The royal power grew still stronger and the power of the church weaker. Then his successor, Henry VIII, broke with the Pope and declared himself head of the English Church (1534). The Tudors encouraged the development of trade inside and outside the country. The great geographical discoveries gave a new impetus to the progress of foreign trade. English traders set forth on daring journeys in search of gold and treasures. Sea-pirates and slave-traders were patronized by Queen Elisabeth as readily as traders in wool. They made large contributions to her treasury. Under the later Tudors England became one of the biggest trade and sea powers. She ousted her rivals from many markets and became involved in the political struggle of the European countries for supremacy. Most complicated were her relations with France and Portugal. In 1588 England defeated the Spanish fleet, the Invincible Armada, and dealt a final blow to Spain, her main rival in overseas trade and colonial expansion. In the late 16 th century England founded its first colonies abroad. Thus the contacts of England with other nations – although not necessarily friendly – became closer, and new contacts were made in distant lands. These new ties could not but influence the development of the language. All over the world the victory of capitalism over feudalism was linked up with the consolidation of people into nations and the unification of the regional dialects into a national language. England needed a uniform standard language as well, because further linguistic disunity stood in the way of the country‟s progress. The making of the English nation went hand in hand with the formation of the National English Language. жүктеу/скачать 1,38 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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