Учебное пособие для специальностей «Переводческое дело» и«Иностранный язык: два иностранных языка»

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The North Germanic languages
Faroese – a language spoken in the Faroe Islands and Denmark (the total number of speakers is less than 70,000 people); Icelandic

The East Germanic
languages died many centuries ago. Most of them are
almost or completely lost for the linguistic study. Out of all East Germanic languages
only one is more or less known to linguists: the Gothic language.

The knowledge

of
Gothic

is due to a big written document that has been preserved in this language,
namely, a translation from the Greek language of the Bible made in the 4
th
c. A.D. by
the Gothic bishop Ulfilas (Wulfila). Gothic passed out of use in the 10
th
c. A.D.
Linguists, however, believe that partially it survived in related dialects until the 18
th
century.
The fate of North Germanic and West Germanic languages was more lucky and
almost all of them have survived till our days.
The North Germanic languages
or Scandinavian languages are sometimes
referred to as the Nordic languages, which is a direct translation of the very common
term used among Swedish, Danish and Norwegian scholars. North Germanic
languages are spoken primarily in Scandinavian countries; to some extent they are
also spoken on Greenland and by immigrants in North America and Australia.
Among North Germanic languages we find the following ones:
Faroese
– a language spoken in the Faroe Islands and Denmark (the total
number of speakers is less than 70,000 people);
Icelandic
– the national language of Iceland;
Norwegian
– de facto national language of Norway;
Danish
– de facto national language of Denmark; it has several dialects and sub-
dialects;

8
Swedish
– the statutory national language of Sweden. The Swedish language is
also spoken in some parts of Finland. The language has several dialects and sub-
dialects.

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