Учебное пособие для специальностей «Переводческое дело» и«Иностранный язык: два иностранных языка»
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4. Grammar system The grammar system of American English has fewer divergences than the vocabulary system. One of the distinctive features is the use of the auxiliary will in all the persons Singular and Plural in Future Simple in contrast to British „shall‟ used in the first person Sg. and Pl. This distinction, however, is more and more observable in the conversational form of British English. 145 Another distinctive feature is the tendency to use Past Simple instead of Present Perfect, especially in the spoken form of communication. An American is likely to say I saw this movie this week instead of I have seen this movie this week. In the spoken form of non-formal communication one can notice the tendency to use Progressive tenses in the cases when Simple or other tenses are required. E.g. I am going to school every morning Monday through Friday. Even those verbs that normally cannot be used in Progressive tenses according to the grammar rules are often applied by the speakers of American English, especially in the Present Progressive form. E.g.: I am loving this cute dress; I am hating him saying this all the time. Such use of Progressive tenses, however, is typical mostly for non-formal types of communication. The Americans have retained not only the old meaning of some English words ( fall, guess, sick ), but also the old forms of the Past Participle of some verbs: e.g. to get - got – gotten, to prove – proved - proven. Words of directions ending in –wards often tend to be used differntly by the Americans, e.g.: British prefer the forms forwards, backwards, skywards, upwards, afterwards , etc., while Americans would rather say forward, backward, skyward, upward, afterward . However, there is no strict distinction here, as both forms can be used in both varieties, apart from the word afterward , which is very rare in British English. Collective nouns like team and company describing multiple people are often used with the plural form of a verb in British English, and with the singular form in American (cf.: “ the team are against this ” in British English and “ the team is against this ” in American English) The subjunctive mood with the verb „suggest‟ and other verbs meaning some forms of suppositions is practically always used in American English with the bare Infinitive, e.g.: “ They suggested he apply for the job ”. British English would have “ They suggested he should apply for the job ” or even “ They suggested he applied for the job ”. These British usages, however, are sometimes heard in the USA too. There are also a few differences in the prepositional use including the following: жүктеу/скачать 1,38 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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