Учебное пособие для специальностей «Переводческое дело» и«Иностранный язык: два иностранных языка»
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| Latin borrowings
in the Old English period are traditionally classified into 2 layers (some scholars distinguish 3 layers): First layer. Here belong names of objects of material culture, names of articles connected with trade and agriculture, measures. E.g. OE wīn (L. vinum) > MnE wine L. millia passum „тысяча шагов‟ > Mn.E. mile OE planta (L. planta) > MnE plant OE pipor (L. piper) > MnE pepper OE cuppa (L. cuppa) > MnE cup 21 During their stay in Britain, the Romans built good paved roads whose name „ strāta via ‟ („paved road‟) was later borrowed by the Anglo-Saxons from the Celts. Initially, the OE word „ strǣt ‟ meant „road‟. Since along the roads in the course of time there appeared settlements, this word later acquired its modern meaning „street‟. There are also several other words borrowed from Latin which deal with the names of Roman settlement and defensive works left by the Romans during their occupation of Britain. E.g. L. vallum >OE weall > MnE wall L. castra (a military camp) > OE ceaster > MnE –caster, -chester, -cester: Lancaster, Manchester L. portus „port‟ has been preserved in such place names as Bridport, Portsmouth Second layer. The second layer consists of words which are directly or indirectly related to the sphere of religion or church. When Christianity was introduced into England in the 6 th -7 th c. AD, the Latin language came to be used as the language of the church. It was natural that numerous Latin words (about 500) connected with religion and learning were adopted into OE (many of these words were initially of the Greek origin). E.g. L . antíphōna – OE antefn (anthem), L . episcopus – OE biscop (bishop), L . clēricus – OE cleric (clerk), L . schola – OE scōl (school), L . magister – OE ma ʒ ister (master), L. diabolus – OE deofol (devil), L. candela – OE candel (candle). Under Latin influence some native English words acquired new meanings: thus, the substantive ēastron , which originally denoted a heathen spring holiday, acquired the meaning „Easter‟. Some new terms were created on the pattern of Latin words, e.g. ʒōdspell „gospel‟ (literally „good news‟). The Latin influence is also seen in the so-called “translation loans”, i.e. new words made from the material of the native language on the pattern of the source language. E.g. the names of the days of the week: L . Lunae dies (the day of the Moon) – OE Mōnandæʒ (Monday), L . Mercuri dies (the day of god Mercurius) – OE Wōdnesdæʒ (Wednesday; Wōden was a Teutonic god), L . Solīs dies – OE Sunnandæʒ (Sunday), etc. b) There are very few жүктеу/скачать 1,38 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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