Учебное пособие для студентов 1-2 курсов заочной формы обучения



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Skilled workers are demanding a 15% pay rise. ___________________

  • If this continues, we will have to lay off members of the staff. ___________________

  • Blue-collar workers across the country are demanding improved working conditions. ___________________

  • He works for a company which imports camera equipment.___________________

  • A lot of people have benefited from the recent boom in the electrical industry. ____________________

  • The management refuse to compromise on the quality of their products. ____________________

  • Overall revenue is down by almost 15%. _____________________

  • A fight broke out in the boardroom over terms and conditions of employment.

    ______________________



    1. Match the words and expressions in the first box with a dictionary from the list A-Q below.

    1. automation 10. Services industries

    2. unemployment 11. Nationalized industries

    3. inflation 12. Monopoly

    4. balance of payments 13. Output

    5. taxation 14. Income tax

    6. GNP 15. VAT

    7. interest rates 16. Deficit

    8. primary industries 17. Key industries

    9. secondary industries




    1. The percentage charged for borrowing money. (The Bank of England has raised ____________.)

    2. Industries involved in the manufacture of goods. (___________ rely on the ready supply of raw materials).

    3. The value of goods and services paid for in a country, including income earned in other countries. (Last year’s ____________ was close to $25 billion.)

    4. The amount which a firm, machine or person produces. (The factory has doubled its ___________ in the last six months.)

    5. Industries involved in the production of raw materials. (Coal mining is an important _______________.)

    6. Installing machinery in place of workers. (____________ can be a mixed blessing – machines usually tend to be out of order when you need them most.)

    7. Industries which do not make products but offer a service such as banking, insurance and transport. (_____________ have become more important in the last decade.)

    8. The difference in value between a country’s import and exports. (The government is trying to reduce the ___________ deficit.)

    9. The amount by which expenditure is more than receipts in a firm’s or country’s accounts. (The company announced a two million pound__________ .)

    10. A system where one person or company supplies all of a product in one area without any competition. (The state has a ___________ of the tobacco trade.)

    11. Industries which were once privately owned, but now belong to the state. (Workers in ______________are to get a 3% pay rise.)

    12. Lack of work. (The figures for _____________ are rising.)

    13. The action of imposing taxes. (Money raised by ______________ pays for all government services.)

    14. The most important industries in a country. (Oil is a _____________which is essential to the country’ economy.)

    15. A state in an economy where prices and wages are rising to keep pace with each other. (The government is trying to keep __________below 3%.)

    16. A tax on money earned as wages or salary. (She pays ____________ at the lowest rate.)

    17. A tax imposed as percentage of the invoice value of goods or services. An indirect tax. (________________in Britain currently runs at 17,5%.)




    1. Look at this extract from a business programme and fill in the gaps with one of the words and expressions from Tasks A and B. In some cases, more than one answer may be possible. You may need to change some of the word forms.

    1____________________ rates are to rise by a further half a per cent next month, putting further pressure on homeowners paying mortgages. It will also discourage people from 2_________________ money from the high street banks, who are already under a lot of pressure. National Bank was forced to 3__________________ 2,000 members of staff across the country, adding to the country’s rapidly rising rate of 4_________________.
    5____________________ rose in the last year by almost 6%, despite the government’s pledge to keep price and wage rises no higher than 3%. This has had a negative impact on 6_______________, since the strong pound coupled with rising prices has made it almost impossible for foreign companies to buy British goods and services. Especially affected are the 7_________________ producing pharmaceuticals and chemicals.
    8_____________________ workers in 9_________________ industries across the country are demanding higher 10___________________. Unions and workers are negotiating with 11_____________________ chiefs for an eight per cent rise. This follows the announcement that the government want more investors to put their money into the 12______________ sector.
    13____________________ for home computers has finally overtaken the 14__________________, making it once again a seller’s market. There is now a two-week waiting list to receive a new computer. This has pushed prices up by almost a third.
    Bradford Aerospace Technologies, where overall 15____________________ for sales of aircraft parts has dropped by almost 10% in the last quarter, will shortly become a 16_________________ industry in a final desperate attempt to keep it open. The government has promised it will keep on the current workforce.
    Bad news too for Ranger Cars, who this week announced a 17_____________of almost five million pounds. A spokesman for the company blamed high labour costs and the reluctance by union leaders to approve increased 18_____________ at the firm’s factories. They insist that the installation of new machinery will lead to redundancies.



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