Учебное пособие состоит из двух частей и англо-русского словаря. Материалом для пособия послужило американское издание для изучающих компьютер P. Norton "Introduction to Computers"
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Morozova E.N. English for IT Students(2)
| Musical Computers
Using MIDI-compliant sound cards and instruments, musicians can use the PC to control the creative, recording, and performing processes. A single MIDI controller can run various instruments connected together. MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) is a digital communication protocol and hardware specification that allows electronic instruments, controllers, and computers to talk to one another. The MIDI protocol gives musicians a language to use when talking to electronic musical equipment. MIDI thus allows a musician to focus on creating and playing music rather than worrying about the ins and outs of digital communications or computer circuitry. MIDI commands can work in real time to allow you to control several pieces of interconnected equipment from one central point. However, you can also store MIDI commands in a MIDI file. Once stored, you can re-create your sound again and again by playing the MIDI file back through a MIDI instrument or MIDI sound card with speakers. Musicians and engineers proposed MIDI in the early 1980s as a way of standardizing the communications protocols used in the growing field of synthesized music, which at the time included keyboard synthesizers and their controllers, called sequencers. (A sequencer tells a synthesizer to play specific sounds in specific patterns). Prior to any standard, there was no guarantee that synthesizers and sequencers from different companies could talk to one another. Since the development of the MIDI standards, MIDI has grown to include controls for many types of equipment: MIDI Instruments. MIDI instruments are the devices that actually make sound when they receive a MIDI signal. These devices are synthetic instruments, so they are called synthesizers. The most common MIDI instrument is a keyboard synthesizer. Other MIDI instruments include drum machines and guitar synthesizers. MIDI Sequencers. MIDI sequencers are devices that record, edit, and output MIDI signals. Sequencers may be hardware, similar to a traditional studio soundboard, or they may be software within a computer. Other Devices. With compatible MIDI hardware, a stage manager can turn on a microphone or fade out a light from the same sequencer used to control a drum machine or keyboard. Because MIDI commands tell a device what to do rather than actually describing a sound, it is possible for MIDI instruments and their controllers to communicate back and forth. A musician can create music with these devices in several ways: Instrument to Sequencer. A musician can use a MIDI instrument to program a sequencer. The musician plays a song on an instrument like a keyboard. The keyboard then transmits a MIDI description back to the sequencer. Once the MIDI code is stored on the sequencer, the musician can convert the codes to written music or transmit the codes to a different instrument to get a different sound. MIDI Codes. A second option is for the musician to create a MIDI file manually on a sequencer. This file contains the MIDI codes that describe each MIDI event, such as playing a particular note on a keyboard. Sheet Music. The final option is for the musician to write the music using the sequencer's software and then let the sequencer interpret the musical notation and turn it into MIDI codes. MIDI devices have their own built-in computers to interpret MIDI commands. However, PC sound cards may also be MIDI devices. To work with MIDI on your PC, you must have a MIDI-compatible sound card, a set of speakers or a MIDI instrument, and sequencer software. жүктеу/скачать 0,7 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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