1. Полимерлер туралы негізгі түсініктер. Полимерлердің номенклатурасы


Oligomers are low- molecular homologues of polymers. The term (the concept) The polymer is applied when the value n is greater than



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Oligomers are low- molecular homologues of polymers. The term (the concept) The polymer is applied when the value n is greater than

Oligomers are low- molecular homologues of polymers. The term (the concept) The polymer is applied when the value n is greater than

(n  100). A copolymer is a product of the copolymerization reaction of at least two monomers. For example:

n(M1+M2)  ...-M1-M2-M1-M2-M1-M2-M1-M2-….

The block in the copolymer alternates in the group form of different links:

...- M1-M1-M1-...M2-M2-M2-...M1-M2 -....

If other monomer molecules are connected to the main chain, then connected copolymers are formed:

Олигомерлер – полимерлердің төменгі молекулалық гомологтары. Полимер термині (ұғымы) n мәні үлкен болғанда қолданылады (n100).

Сополимер – кем дегенде екі мономердің сополимерлену реакциясының өнімі. Мысалы:

 n(M1+M2)  ...-M1-M2-M1-M2-M1-M2-M1-M2-….

 

Блок сополимерде әр түрлі буындар топтасқан түрде кезектесіп отырады:

 ...-M1-M1-M1-...M2-M2-M2-...M1-M2-….

 

Егер негізгі тізбекке басқа мономердің молекулалары жалғасса, онда жалғанған сополимерлер түзіледі: …-M1-M1-M1-M1-M1-M1-M1-M1-….

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Features of polymers from low molecular weight compounds polymers have a number of specific properties compared to low molecular weight compounds:

Features of polymers from low molecular weight compounds polymers have a number of specific properties compared to low molecular weight compounds:


  • The molecular weight of polymers is large and the macromolecule is a consistent structure, i.e. the length of the macromolecule is several times greater than its transverse amount.

  • Polymers are polydisperse or polymolecular, i.e. they contain macromolecules of different polymer lengths or have a different number of links. If the length of a macromolecule is different, then their molecular weight is also different. Therefore, the molecular weight is not a constant value for polymers.
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