Абай қҰнанбаевтың Әлемі мен шығармашылығына жастардың КӨЗҚарасы
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Жылқы ойнап, бие қашқан, тай жарысқан, Кемпір-шал құржаң қағып, бала бүрсең, Көңілсіз қара суық қырда жұрсең» are the lines that Abai gives us to imagine that autumn comes and the beautiful light of nature dims, it frowns, becomes covered with clouds and wet fog, and darkens both black and cold animals and people. And the following lines of Shelley’s poem represent the same idea, that autumn is the loss of their summer-warmth beauty, and summer has taken away not only the warmth, but also the good mood; and that autumn is mainly the loss: “The warm sun is failing, the bleak wind is wailing, The bare boughs are sighing, the pale flowers are dying… The chill rain is falling, the nipped worm is crawling, The rivers are swelling, the thunder is knelling.” The next literary device is a metaphor. In a «Dictionary of Literary Terms», it is said that “A metaphor is a kind of literary device, based on an association of similarities or analogies. For example, old age can be called as autumn or a late time, because the common feature of these concepts is that something has come to an end.” [3, 434] There is an extended metaphor in both of the poems, Abai sees autumn as elderly people who have lost their ardor of youth, the color of youth and strength, while Percy Shelley presents it as a process of death. M. Bazarbayev, analyzing the poem “Autumn” in his study "The novelty of Abai", says: “... Abai, in his own way, not cheap, but artistically and beautifully, gives a picture of a real phenomenon, brings it into human life and connects it with the nature of life. No sound or word that doesn't play and doesn't work. Similes, simulations, metaphors - general means of description are perfect as decorations. It is clear from this that Abai's works are simple, straightforward, without exaggeration, without transmission, but they seem to cause a lot of thought. From the very beginning, Abai avoids using prettification. This is the method of an artist who has completely mastered the captivating power and nobility of the artistic word and completely conquered it. ” [4, 100] The evaluative sign of the concepts of the seasons is manifested in the form of separate emotional-evaluative components containing a positive or a negative characteristic of a particular season. As a result of the analysis of these components, we came to the conclusion that the "autumn" gets in the consciousness of both poets mainly negatively characterized. This is evidenced by the associations of the descriptive layer: «Жасыл-шөп, бәйшешек жоқ бұрыңғыдай, Жастар күлмес, жүгірмес бала шулай. Қайыршы шал-кемірдей түсі кетіп, Жапырағынан айырылған ағаш, қурай», in Abai’s "Autumn". And as “Come, Month, in your saddest array” in "Autumn: to Dinge". They also use the color-association ( қара суық, сұр бұлт, put on white, black and grey) to emphasize autumn. We may consider grey, again, as a color of melancholy condition and neutral position. However, grey is a transitional color, which gives a belief that although negative events that seem to last forever may take place in life, there will always be a sliver of hope. “From a color psychology perspective, gray is the color of compromise - being neither black nor white, it is the transition between two non-colors. The closer gray gets to black, the more dramatic and mysterious it becomes. The closer it gets to silver or white, the more illuminating and lively it becomes.” [5] Thus, we are shown that good days are waiting for us in spring or summer, when the time is right. By using nature imagery of autumn with a fixed form, Percy Shelley passes on the message that the cycle of death - something negative - in life is inevitable. The melancholy mood is 117 «Абай Құнанбаевтың әлемі мен шығармашылығына жастардың көзқарасы» атты республикалық ғылыми онлайн-конференция amplified through the use of language, but poet ends on a vaguely positive note, thus telling the audience that the hardships will eventually pass. The were also highlighted national-cultural components. Poets connect autumn with people’s life; they show the impact that people may have. Abai accurately described the realities of the life of the Kazakh people, who lived and moved to graze livestock, and described how each season affected the country that had livestock. «Біреу малма сапсиды, алып иін, Салбыраңқы тартыпты жыртық киім. Енесіне иіртіп шуда жібін, Жас қатындар жыртылған жамайды үйін» are the lines Abai shows us how the life of people changed, that they prepared themselves, their livestock and their home for the winter cold. In addition, Abai gives us a little hint that people's life was not so easy, that they were sewing up clothes and even materials that were the parts of the house-construction, in order to reuse them. We can also be shown of our cultural peculiarity that the change of season is connected with the change of a living place: «Күзей тозған, оты жоқ елдің маңы, Тұман болар, жел соқса, шаң-тозаңы.» Twelve months a year - spring, summer, autumn, winter, Kazakhs move at different times of the year, depending on the state of their farms and livestock. The nomads named their settlements according to the seasons: kokteu, jailau, kuzeu and kystau. Of course, Abai is a poet of his time. His works are a chronicle of that time. They vividly and fully reflect the life of the Kazakh community of that time with all its features, with its own characteristic reliefs, original colors and patterns. He worries about what hardships may await his people in the fall; he loves and condescends, but at the same time criticizes them: «От жақпаған үйінің сұры қашып, Ыстан қорыққан қазақтың құрысын заңы.» And in Shelley’s poem autumn is a fitting background for vision of political and social revolution because it can have such a drastic change on the Earth’s physical appearance. Shelley’s individual push to show the power of nature is different from other poets by the way he conveys the natural world to the reader. He asks autumn, the nature questions, and suggests him the things to do. Overall, it may be said that language and a way of thinking are interconnected, since the language reflects those features of extra-linguistic reality that seem relevant to the carriers of the culture using this language; mastering the language, the native speaker begins to see the world from the angle suggested by his native language, and gets along with the conceptualization of the world, characteristic of the respective culture. In this sense, words that verbalize lingua- specific concepts simultaneously “reflect” and “form” the way of thinking and the cultural space of native speakers. And the concept of Abai’s autumn is descried as the following, the nucleus is poorness and coldness. It has several layers as etymological layer, associative-symbolic layer, the evaluative layer, national-cultural components layer. Etymological layer is the season proceeded by summer, and the season when leaves turn yellow. Associative-symbolic layer has the following concepts: grey clouds, wet fog, the stealer of summer’s warmth, uncertainty. The evaluative layer is rather neutral, it is associated with grey color, and this grey color gives us a hope, but it is also negative, since it is associated with elderly people, as old and exhausted. National- cultural components layer is highly connected with our nation and the way they lived at that time. It is the time when nomads move to kuzeu to graze livestock, the time when people start heating houses, the time of sewing up clothes and getting ready for the winter. There were found different (metaphor, imagery, symbolism, epithet,personificication) literary devices, that shows us the wealth of Abai’s language. 118 «Абай Құнанбаевтың әлемі мен шығармашылығына жастардың көзқарасы» атты республикалық ғылыми онлайн-конференция In the national cultural space of each nation, there are many concepts that reflect a vivid national specificity. Often such concepts are difficult or even impossible to convey in another language - this is a sure proof of their national specificity, mental uniqueness. Many of these concepts affect the perception of reality, understanding of the phenomena and events that occur and determine the national characteristics of the communicative behavior of the people. However, we tried to connect Abai’s world to other romanticism poet Percy Shelley, tried to illustrate some common ground in two poems, and made one more attempt to keep Abai and his beautiful and rich world in our hearts and mind forever. References 1. [Қ.Күдеринова, О.Жұбаева, М.Жолшаева және т.б. Қазақ әдеби тілінің сөздігі. 8-том. – К – Қ. – Алматы: «Арыс» баспасы, 2007. - 744 б.] 2. [http://sterninia.ru/files/757/4_Izbrannye_nauchnye_publikacii/Psiholingvistika/Psiholin gvisticheskoe_znachenie_slova_i_ego_opisanie_2011.pdf] 3. [Петровский М. Метафора // Словарь литературных терминов: B 2 т. Т.1.– Л.: Изд- во Л. Д. Френкель, 1925. – 748 с.] 4. [М.Базарбаев. Өлең–сөздің патшасы, сөз сарасы. – Алматы : Жазушы, 1973. – 256 б.] 5. [ https://www.empower-yourself-with-color-psychology.com/color-gray.html ] жүктеу/скачать 1,97 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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