Подберите подходящий по смыслу ответ из предложенных вариантов и обоснуйте свой

22 
When governments make laws for their citizens, they use the system of courts backed by the power of 
the police to enforce these laws. Of course, there may be instances where the law is not enforced 
against someone - such as when young children commit crimes, when the police have to concentrate 
on certain crimes and therefore ignore others, or in countries where there is so much political 
corruption that certain people are able to escape justice by using their money or influence. But the 
general nature of the law is enforced equally against all members of the nation. 
Government-made laws are nevertheless often patterned upon informal rules of conduct 
already existing in society, and relations between people are regulated by a combination of all these 
rules. This relationship can be demonstrated using the example of a sports club. 
Suppose a member of a rugby club is so angry with the referee during a club game that he hits 
him and breaks his nose. At the most informal level of social custom, it is probable that people seeing 
or hearing about the incident would criticize the player and try to persuade him to apologize and 
perhaps compensate the referee in some way. At a more formal level, the player would find he had 
broken the rules of his club, and perhaps of a wider institution governing the conduct of all people 
playing rugby, and would face punishment, such as a fine or a suspension before he would be allowed 
to play another game. Finally, the player might also face prosecution for attacking the referee under 
laws created by the government of his country. In many countries there might be two kinds of 
prosecution. First, the referee could conduct a civil action against the player, demanding compensation 
for his injury and getting his claim enforced by a court of law if the player failed to agree privately. 
Second, the police might also start an action against the player for a crime of violence. If found guilty, 
the player might be sent to prison, or he might be made to pay a fine to the court – that is, punishment 
for an offence against the state, since governments often consider anti-social behaviour not simply as a 
matter between two individuals but as a danger to the well-being and order of society as a whole. 

жүктеу/скачать 3,06 Mb.

Достарыңызбен бөлісу: