18
A.A. SHARIPBAY
Scientific-Research Institute "Artificial intelligence", Astana, Kazakhstan
PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF COMPUTER PROCESSING
OF THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE
1. The current state of the Kazakh language.
The Kazakh language is the national language of the Kazakh people, the indigenous population
of the Republic of Kazakhstan and residing in many other countries around the world. So he, like
any national language, which is the main means of communication of native speakers should
develop.
The Kazakh language is the state language of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the demand for it,
as in the internal relations of the country and in international relations has increased. So he, like any
state language should be used in all areas of intellectual activity in our society and to get support
from the state.
However, the status of the Kazakh language proves otherwise. First, the Kazakhs living in
different countries can not be written to communicate among themselves, as they use different
alphabets and spelling. Secondly, the Kazakhs living in their home country, can not fully use the
Kazakh script due to the large diversity of terminology and spelling in printed matter. Third, the
current Kazakh alphabet based on Cyrillic not always supported by modern computers and
electronic means of communication and still produces linguistic differences.
The main reason for this state of the Kazakh language is the lack of basic standards on phonetics,
spelling, grammar rules, terminology, etc. In the textbooks on the Kazakh language, there are many
contradictory statements regarding the linguistic foundations of language.
To illustrate the effect of such a provision of the Kazakh language, you can give a short history
of his writing.
It can be assumed that the source of writing Kazakh language are ancient Turkic writing, which
are preserved in the runic monuments were first deciphered in 1893 by the Swedish scientist
Thomsen (about it you can learn more in the museum of writing in the L.N.Gulilyov ENU).
A new Arabic-based Turkic writing method called usul jadid was invented by prominent Tatar
enlightener Ismail Gaspirali(1851-1914). Using this method Akhmet Baytursynuly converted the
Kazakh writing system to the Arabic alphabet in 1912. He refined the Kazakh phonetic system and
developed the new Arabic-based Kazakh alphabet which consisted of 28 letters. This alphabet was
used in our country until 1929, while the Kazakhs living abroad (particularly in China) still use it.
Soviet rule changed the Kazakh alphabet twice: first it was changed to the 29-lettered Latin-
based alphabet in 1929, then 42-lettered Cyrillic-based alphabet in 1940. The latter reform has
preserved all 33 letters of the Russian alphabet and added 9 letters for specific Kazakh sounds.
The latest reform is absurd from the point of view of the progressive linguistics, as it was done
by force without features of the Kazakh language and destroyed its internal unity and grammatical
patterns. This reform is not only not allowed to develop, but still damages the Kazakh language.
Not necessary to be an expert in linguistics to verify this, because this reform is required to save the
Kazakh text grammatical rules of the Russian language, i.e. writing and even reading the Russian
words in the Kazakh text should be in accordance with the rules of Russian language. As a result of
this reform in the Kazakh orthography has accumulated a significant amount of contradictions,
which affect the culture of writing, spelling interfere with learning and as a result the Kazakh
language is deformed by the day, changing their unique sound and grammatical patterns. For
clarity, imagine that for the enrichment of the Russian language is proposed to add a sound of
English, while keeping unchanged the rules of writing and reading English. It is clear that such a
proposal for the enrichment of the Russian language is a complete nonsense. But despite the
19
absurdity of such enrichment of the Kazakh language, some believe that the correct pronunciation
and spelling of Russian words in the Kazakh text is a sign of literacy.
Thus, forced cyrillization of writing of the Kazakh language has led to the fact that today a
phonetic system and spelling norm of the Kazakh language were wrong and evil. Therefore, today it
is necessary to correct the situation to the Kazakh language in the future, not to lose their identity
and harmony.
Not understanding of these problems by experts and figures in linguistics and language policy is
bewildering. Until now, publishes textbooks and scientific books whose authors can’t distinguish
between the concept of "sound" and "letter", does not know what a "phoneme", etc. Especially
surprising the fact that many textbooks and training manuals on the Kazakh language contradict
each other.
Достарыңызбен бөлісу: