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time the level of awareness of its need is always criterion of growth and force of society. Here it is possible
to agree with the opinion of A. Nysanbayev (one of the leading domestic philosophers) that existence in
society of adequate national idea is the most important condition of high-quality growth of independent
Kazakhstan [3; 1].
Historical experience of many human civilizations shows that existence in the society of need for
national idea automatically doesn’t lead to its formulation. Awareness of its need from the state or any
social group, even possessing an imperious resource, or from society in general is an important condition,
promoting its formation. But opportunity to have national idea is connected not so much with subjective
need for its existence, as with objective conditions in which society functions. That is, speaking to I. Ilyin’s
words, it is possible to call national idea “a self-sustaining community” [4; 128].
If to speak specifically about conditions of formation of national idea and its bases, it is possible to note
that these two phenomena endured different stages of manifestation together with the people. Throughout
historical development the Kazakh people demonstrated its character and dignity. The history proves that
Kazakhs always with firmness took out all troubles and deprivations, but didn’t break. They got out of the
critical situations ruined, impoverished and tired, but not broken and not confused.
Today it is possible to observe that in many Post-Soviet countries deep ideological crisis caused by the
absence of national idea as specific program of actions on the near and long-term future is still noted. In
this plan the program of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N. Nazarbayev “Kazakhstan 2050”
can be considered as attempt of promotion of national idea from above, from political elite. Society often
sees national idea in the appeal to the spiritual roots, both religious, and ethnic. However respecting the
centuries-old history and having in relation to it feeling of deep national pride the individual often doesn’t
find in it the necessary examples capable to influence development of the modern relations and to make the
program on the future. Therefore, search of examples should be directed not to the past, and to the present,
using thus the experience of formation of national idea in the most developed modern societies.
For better understanding and definition of conditions and bases of formation of national idea we will
give some examples from world history.
Historically for the first time it is possible to speak about formation of the nation and emergence of
national idea in relation to post-revolutionary France. Then the national idea of this country became not so
much expression of greatness of the nation, as the way of the solution of those psychologically complex
problems which were put before the country by Great Revolution. Now, of course, the national idea in that
look in what it once arose, isn’t necessary to France any more. However, as French are the same people
which were generated by great ideas of the XVIII-XIX centuries, they for feeling of their own identity
nevertheless need continuity of ideas.
Eventually the French society changed. It got rid of psychological complexes of times of modern-
ization for a long time and began to live absolutely other values which led France to idea of a peculiar
peaceful, bourgeois leadership. It found reflection that Paris politically from the very beginning dominated
in creation of the EU. And today the expansion of the European Union, creation of integration group of the
states is primarily the deal of France which doesn’t seek to extend the sphere of the influence for the whole
world any more, and wants to equip Europe only in the rational way. Thus, creation of the European house
on the basis of the transformed principles of “freedom, equality and brotherhood” it is possible to consider
as a peculiar revival of great national idea of France which developed more than 200 years ago.
The same can be observed and in post-war Japan. Declaration after World War II of the national idea
of Japanese which is based on unity and cohesion of the nation promoted not only to revival of Japan from
ruins, but also to entry of this country into number of the most economically developed states of the world.
In this sense the Japanese idea of unity of traditional Japanese spirit and the latest western technology was
very suitable and attractive. Japan could create flexible economic system and carry out synthesis of values
of traditional culture and liberal values of the West, having kept thereby the ethnic identity in the condi-
tions of growing globalization. Thus Japan as well as Germany, sought to get rid quicker of consequences
of war and to be among the advanced countries.
The experience of the USA in a formulation of national idea is also interesting. Throughout all histor-
ical development in America the theory of “a melting copper” functioned. According to this theory it was
supposed that the American nation has to be soldered as a result of “melting” of natives of world different
parts, and “the English-Protestant culture was a core of the American national identity, - according to S.
Huntington”. Therefore, it is possible to tell that the national idea in American represents, approximately
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