Читательская грамотность. Минск: рикз, 2020. 201 с
Table 3. Item difficulty for tasks
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| Table 3. Item difficulty for tasks
Single Multiple In scan and locate tasks, difficulty is conditioned by the number of pieces of information that the reader needs to locate, by the amount of inferencing required, by the amount and prominence of competing information and by the length and complexity of the text. Multiple document search difficulty is conditioned by the number of texts, the complexity of the document hierarchy (depth and breadth), familiarity of the structure, the amount of non-hierarchical linking, the distance to the goal, the salience and relevance of the headers and the dissimilarity of each of the physical presentation/structure of the sources (lack of parallelism in different source texts) In literal and explicit meaning and integrate and generate inferences tasks, difficulty is affected by the type of interpretation required (for example, making a comparison is easier than finding a contrast); by the number of pieces of information to be considered; by the degree and prominence of competing information in the text; and by the nature of the text: the less familiar and the more abstract the content and the longer and more complex the text, and the lower the coherence of the structure, the more difficult the task is likely to be. In multiple documents, inference difficulty is conditioned on the number of texts, the salience of the headers, the similarity of content (e.g. discrepancy in text content/arguments, variability in point of view), the dissimilarity of the physical presentation/structure of the sources (lack of parallelism in different source texts) and the explicitness of source information. In reflect on content and form tasks, difficulty is affected by the type of reflection or evaluation required (from least to most difficult with types of reflection being: connecting; explaining and comparing; hypothesising and evaluating); by the nature of the knowledge that the reader needs to bring to the text (a task is more difficult if the reader needs to draw on narrow, specialised knowledge rather than broad and common knowledge); by the relative abstraction and length of the text; and by the depth of understanding of the text required to complete the task. For assess quality and credibility tasks credibility and quality of a source can be conditioned by using text signals such as the explicitness of the source In multiple documents, жүктеу/скачать 3,64 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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