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2.3 There are district courts located in the country’s smaller towns and rural administrative 
areas including groups of villages; cities have several courts of that kind. District courts are the basis 
of the system of courts of general jurisdiction, with jurisdiction over the overwhelming majority of 
civil and criminal cases, unless otherwise provided by law. As courts of appeal, district courts decide 
appeals from justices of the peace. 
 
2.4 Justices of the peace form an integral part of the system of courts of general jurisdiction, 
although they are considered to be regional judges. They handle minor civil disputes, petty 
administrative and criminal offences. Appeals against decisions of justices of the peace go to district 
courts, the decisions of which are final. In each district there may be several justices of the peace. 
 
Arbitration Courts. 
 
2.5 Ten Federal District Arbitration Courts act as courts of cassation. 


125 
 
2.6 The Appellate Courts consider appeals as a rehearing with new evidence. 
 
2.7 The Arbitration Courts of the subjects of the Russian Federation consider the absolute 
majority of economic disputes. 
 
4. Объедините предложения так, чтобы получились связные высказывания.
1) Courts are divided into 
2) The Constitutional Court is 
3) The Supreme Court of the Russian 
Federation is 
4) The Supreme Court of the Russian 
Federation has jurisdiction 
5) Regulations enacted by the Plenary 
Session 
6) Military courts consider 
7) The system of general jurisdiction courts 
at regional level includes 
8) There is a four-tiered system of 
arbitration courts: 
9) The Higher Arbitration Court of the 
Russian Federation operates 
a) 
are “explanations on issues of judicial 
practice”.
b) the Higher Arbitration Court of the Russian 
Federation, ten Federal District Arbitration 
Courts, Appellate Courts, the Arbitration 
Courts of the subjects of the Russian 
Federation. 
c) the supreme judicial body of four-tiered 
system of courts of general jurisdiction. 
d) disputes involving military personnel. 
e) as the supreme body in the arbitration 
court system. 
f) as a court of cassation in the land and as a 
court of supervisory instance over the 
courts of lower level. 
g) the highest judicial body in the Russian 
Federation. 
h) federal courts and courts subjects of 
Russia. 
i) justices of the peace, district courts, the 
supreme courts of the republics, city 
courts of Moscow and St. Petersburg, 
courts of autonomous districts, military 
courts. 


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