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– It protects unarmed policemen, young  children, civilized society;  –



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It protects unarmed policemen, young 
children, civilized society; 
“Life sentence”: ten years of “good 
conduct” and then freedom to live on the 
proceeds of crime; 
Suspension of capital punishment 
encourages crime; 
Violent criminals seem to be heroic 
figures, glorified in Mass Media
 They expect and receive VIP treatment, 
Capital punishment doesn’t deter criminals 
from committing serious offences; 
 This has been proved many times in the past: 
relaxation of harsh laws has never led to 
increase in crime rate; 
It’s absurd: capital punishment has never 
protected anyone; 
Hanging, electric chairs are barbaric 
practices, unworthy of human beings
In most civilized countries capital 
punishment is either suspended or abolished. 
 
UNIT 7. THE BRITISH POLICE – SOME HISTORICAL FACTS 
TEXT 1 
 
Some Historical Facts 
Vocabulary 
 
1. to keep public order – поддерживать общественный порядок 
2. to prevent a crime  предотвратить преступление 
3. a sense of insecurity – чувство незащищенности 
4. notorious – пользующийся дурной славой 
5. to pay rewards  давать денежное вознаграждение 
6. to pass an act – принять законодательный акт 
1. Прочитайте и переведите текст об истории возникновения полиции в Великобритании
Ответьте на вопросы. 
1. Why did Justices of the Peace have to employ thief-takers? 
2. What did Jonathan Wild specialize in? 
3. What did the Second Transportation Act lay down? 
4. Why did the British police system become the model for police forces in other countries?
The police play the most important part in keeping public order and protecting persons and property. 
To do their work properly the police need necessary powers. They have the power to intervene to 
prevent a crime. If their orders are not obeyed, they may arrest the people who have broken the law 
and bring them before the courts. 
Centuries before the formation of any official police force passed when attempts were made to 
provide some means of ‘community policing’. In England keeping law and order was the special 
responsibility of Justices of the Peace (JPs).
Despite the cruel penalties inflicted upon criminals the state of lawlessness in the seventeenth 
and eighteenth centuries was appalling. By the second half of the eighteenth century the general 
population lived with a terrifying sense of insecurity. Gangs of criminals roamed the towns. Any form 
of transport was risky.
Justices of the Peace had to employ thief-takers to catch criminals. Thief-takers were often no 
better than the criminals themselves. Sometimes they were criminals who knew the criminal 
underworld well. 


237 
The most notorious thief-taker of all was Jonathan Wild who operated in the early part of the 
eighteenth century. He began his career in a small way informing on criminals who were suspected of 
crime. Eventually he built up a criminal empire of his own. His speciality was the organization of 
robberies and burglaries. He was then paid rewards by the victims for securing the return of their 
property. 
In 1719 as a direct result of activities of this kind Parliament passed the Second Transportation 
Act which laid down that anyone taking a reward for receiving stolen goods, who did not also help to 
arrest the thief and give evidence against him, was guilty of a 'felony' (serious crime which could result 
in sentence of death). Eventually, Wild was himself caught and prosecuted. 
The first police force to become an organized body of men wearing uniforms and given special 
powers was named the Metropolitan Police Force ('The Met'), because it policed the metropolis of 
London. This force was created by the Metropolitan Police Act 1829. At that time Sir Robert Peel was 
the Home Secretary, and policemen were therefore known as 'Peelers' or 'Bobbies'. The new police 
force first went out on duty on 29 September 1829.The force made a poor start. By the end of the year
the most of men had been dismissed because of being drunk on duty. 
It is hardly surprising that in the early days of the force public opinion was very much against 
it. Newspapers complained bitterly that the police behaved with brutality in their enthusiasm to make 
arrests. At the same time the police were blamed for failing to clear up crime.
Nevertheless, the value of an organized police force soon became apparent. The first plain-
clothes detectives were used to gather information on the activities of gangs of criminals. 
The Metropolitan Police force was well organized and disciplined and after the initial period of 
public skepticism became the model for other police forces in Great Britain and this police system had 
been adopted throughout the world.


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