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of the mtDNA K1b2 haplotype appearance in Central Eurasia, in
Northern Kazakhstan, from where K1b2 had a wide spread to the
West (Europe) and small spread to the East (Altai). The Botai female
individual has Z1 mtDNA haplotype. This indicates the Asian origin
(mostly Siberian and South Ural regions) of maternal line of this
Botai woman.
The Eneolithic Botai individuals are closest to each other in the
PC space than to any other ancient or present-day individual, and are
in proximity to the upper Paleolithic Siberians from the Malta or
Afontova Gora archaeological sites. Botai represents a separate
group that has genetic similarity with both European and Asian
populations. The ancient Botai genomes suggest yet another layer of
admixture in inner Eurasia that involves Mesolithic hunter-gatherers
in Europe, the Upper Paleolithic southern Siberians and East Asians.
Admixture modeling of ancient and modern populations suggests an
overwriting of this ancient structure in the Altai-Sayan region by
migrations of wester steppe nomads, but partial retaining of this
ancient North Eurasian-related cline further north.
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