pupils from time to time, and he may also criticize the behavior of a pupil or a
class if necessary.
2.
There should be a variety of activities at every lesson, including
pronunciation drill, oral activities, reading, and writing. The success of activity is
measured by attention, enthusiasm, and involvement on the part of the pupils.
3.
The lesson should be conducted at a high speed when oral drill
exercises are performed. Pupils should not stand up to say a word, a phrase, or a
sentence.
4.
The lesson should provide a certain sequence in pupils’ assimilating
language material and developing habits and skills from perception,
comprehension, and memorizing, through the usage in a similar situation following
a model, to the usage of the material received in new situations that require
thinking on the part of the learner.
5.
The lesson should provide time, for the activity of every pupil in the
class. They must be active participants of the procedure and not the teacher as is
often the case when the teacher talks more than all the pupils.
6.
The lesson should provide conditions for pupils to learn. “Language is a
skill so it must be learnt, it cannot be taught” (M. West). A certain amount of time
should be devoted to seatwork as opposed to activities involving the class as a
whole. During seatwork and other forms of solitary study pupils learn to learn for
themselves. The use of language laboratories, teaching machines, and programmed
instruction creates conditions for each pupil to learn for himself.
7.
The work done during the lesson should prepare pupils for their
independent work at home. It is generally accepted as good practice not to assign
exercises that have not been covered in class; this especially refers to early stages
of language learning.
8.
The lesson should be well equipped with teaching aids and teaching
materials which allow the teacher to create natural situations for developing pupils’
hearing and speaking skills in a foreign language.
In
Teacher’s Book
the teacher can find daily plans which differ greatly in form
from conventional plans. For example, the author A. P. Starkov and his coauthors
do not determine the objectives of each class-period and the points of the lesson
(session) in a traditional way when the object of planning was rather teacher’s
work than pupils’ activity. They plan pupils’ work for each particular class-period.
Pupils should pass through a number of “steps”, each designed for forming a
particular habit or involving them in a certain language activity. Since there are a
lot of habits and skills to be formed and developed in pupils, a daily plan
comprises a great number of “steps”.
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