Хабаршысы ғылыми журналы

 
162 
Due the social and global development, new notions tend to appear to mean different things. There 
are generally known rules for the development of new words. The research in the following field 
has been made by many scientists of English, Russian and Kazakh linguistics. The importance of 
phonemic similarities and differences is the object of long argument in the study of phonology and 
teaching of foreign languages as learning, as well as teaching requires the knowledge of phonetic 
structure of the studied language.  
 
In 1960s the Laboratory of the Experimental Phonetics was founded by Zh.Aralbaev.  
In the Laboratory a group of scientists studied languages of Central Asia and Siberia with the new 
appliances as oscilloscope, spectrograph, intonograph. Their research work became the basis for 
dissertation for many of the scientists of the scientific group. They proved some theoretical issues of 
Kazakh language phonology in practice. In the history of the Kazakh language phonology there 
were names of such famous scholars as I.Kenesbaev, A.Zhunusbekov, S.Tatubev and Z.Bazarbaeva. 
In the study of phonemic system of any language we should make clear between the terms 
‘phoneme’, ‘allophone’, ‘symbol’. A phoneme is a basic unit of a 
language
's 
phonology
, which is 
combined with other phonemes to form meaningful units such as 
words
 or 
morphemes
. The 
phoneme can be described as "The smallest contrastive linguistic unit which may bring about a 
change of meaning". In this way the difference in meaning between the English words kill and kiss 
is a result of the exchange of the phoneme /l/ for the phoneme /s/. Two words that differ in meaning 
through a contrast of a single phoneme are called 
minimal pairs
. The central concept in 
phonology
 
is the phoneme, which is a distinctive category of sounds that all the native speakers of a language 
or dialect perceive as more or less the same. For instance, in English the two [k] sounds in kicked 
are not identical--the first one is pronounced with more aspiration than the second--they are heard 
as two instances of [k] nonetheless. Since phonemes are categories rather than actual sounds, they 
are not tangible things; instead, they are abstract, theoretical types or groups that are only 
psychologically real. In other words, we cannot hear phonemes, but we assume they exist because 
of how the sounds in languages pattern as they are used by speakers [1]. 
The concepts of phoneme and 
allophone
 become clearer by analogy with the letters of the 
alphabet
. 
We recognize that a 
symbol
 is a despite considerable variations in size, colour, and (to a certain 
extent) shape. The representation of the letter a is affected in handwriting by the preceding or 
following letters to which it is joined. Writers may form the letter idiosyncratically and may vary 
their writing according to whether they are tired or in a hurry or nervous. The variants in the visual 
representations are analogous to the allophones of a phoneme, and what is distinctive in contrast to 
other alphabetic letters is analogous to the phoneme. 
In the Kazakh language the meaning of the word sound is rather different, in comparison, from 
other languages. Sound is the notion is used not only to refer to language sounds but also to the 
sounds in the environment. In general to form a sound we need the following factors: 1)  
articulatory apparatus; 2) the organ responsible for power necessary to  the work of the articulatory 
apparatus; 3) space for air formation, etc., nose, pharynx, larynx.  
The Kazakh language is part of the Nogai-Kipchak subgroup of the north-eastern Turkic languages. 
It was first written in the 1860s, using Arabic script. In 1929, the Latin script was introduced. 
In1940, Stalin decided to unify the written materials of the Central Asian republics with those of the 
Slavic rulers. A modified form of Cyrillic was introduced.  
The Kazakh alphabet has 42 letters. Extra letters were added to the Cyrillic alphabet for those 
sounds not existing in the Russian language. 
There are nine vowels which are generally pronounced short. Vowels are pronounced long when 
they follow the consonant. The vowels can be classified as follows: 

 
Front Rounded: θ, ү 

 
Back Rounded: o,ұ 

 
Middle:>ә 
 

 
Front Unrounded>: e, i 

 
Back Unrounded: a, <>I 

 
163 
Kazakh and other Turkic languages are closely related to one another and there is a high degree of 
mutual intelligibility among them. All Turkic languages abide by the Law of Vowel Harmony. This 
law demands that the first vowel of a word determines the character of the remaining vowels. For 
example, if the first vowel is back, the remaining vowels are back also. Therefore, Kazakh words 
either contain front or back vowels. Borrowed foreign words may use both front and back vowels. 
In addition, there are glides “и” (iy), “ю” (yu), “й” (y) and “y” (w). The glides “й” and “y” are also 
treated as consonants. Kazakh has diphthongs that can either be written with two graphemes as they 
are pronounced, or with three graphemes. The rounding contrast and /æ/ generally only occur as 
phonemes in the first syllable of a word, but do occur later allophonically; see the section on 
harmony below for more information [2]. 
According to Edward J.Vajda, the front/back quality of vowels is actually one of neutral 
versus 
retracted tongue root
. 
Per convention, 
rounded vowels
 are presented to the right of their 
unrounded
 counterparts. Phonetic 
values are paired with the corresponding character in Kazakh's Cyrillic alphabet [3]. 
 
 
 
Opposing 
theories 
exist 
within 
Kazakh phonetics and phonology. However, the most important thing to consider in the phonology 
is the well-known phenomena of vowel harmony as well as the newer theory of synharmonism. 
According to  ZhoumaghalyAbouv (1994) says that  “Kazakh has nine vowels, all of which are of 
equal length.” The vowels are divided 
into two groups (as seen in the diagram 
below): 
 
 
The principles of vowel harmony imply 
that words may have vowels from either 
group, but not a mixture of the two. 
“According to the rules of vowel 
harmony base roots or stems with velar 
vowels can only have suffixes containing 
velar vowels. Similarly base roots or 
stems with palatal vowels can only have 
the suffixes that contain the palatal vowels. In the case of the foreign words the vowel of a suffix is 
determined on the basis of the final vowel of the base word” (Zh.A.Abouv, 1994). This is due to the 
fact that the stress is usually carried by the last syllable of Kazakh words. So as we can see, Kazakh 
divides its vowels into two groups: velar and palatal. These vowels must always exist in “harmony,” 
even when morphological suffixes are piled on. This vowel harmony holds some of the most 
interesting phonetic phenomena. “It is one of the only phonotactic processes across human 
languages that consistently instantiates a long-distance relationship” (Nevins, 2010). Long distance 
implying that the phonetic effects of the base word have the power to carry not only to the 
preceding syllable, but across the entire word regardless of length [4]. 
Another important aspect of Kazakh phonology is the theory of Synharmonism. This theory was 
established in 1987 by the Kazakh linguist Zhunisbekov. Synchronism is coincidence in a point of 
time. Phonetic synchrony is achieved when the lip movements of the following sound match 
perfectly the sounds preceding it. From a purely phonetic point of view, synharmonism consists in 
that each word in the particular language can either contain only front vowels and palatalized 
consonants or only back vowels and velarized consonants. Abouv notes that “synharmonism is not 
 
Front
 
Back
 
Diphthongised
 
/i̯ɘ/, 〈е〉  /y̯ʉ/, 〈ө〉 
 
/u̯ʊ/, 〈о〉 
Close
 
/ɘ/, 
〈i〉  /ʉ/, 〈ү〉 
/ә/, 
〈ы〉  /ʊ/, 〈ұ〉 
Open
 
/æ/, 〈ә〉   
/ɑ/, 
〈а〉   

 
164 
an ordinary phonetic phenomenon, but the basis of the whole linguistic structure of the Turkic 
languages. It is a specific language unit forming the integrity of syllables and words in Turkic 
speech.” In Kazakh, four synharmonic timbres exist:  

 
hard non-labial,  

 
soft non-labial,  

 
hard labial,  

 
soft labial syllables.  
Zh.A. Abouv continues to tell us that Kazakh words are not only characterized by certain linear 
combinations of sounds, as in English, “but also by the unique quality of each word’s synharmonic 
timbre. All syllables in Kazakh can be organized into one of these timbres, and it is these timbres 
that determine the meaning of the word. Abouv takes the theory of synharmonism one step further 
when he shows us that “synharmonism” and “vowel harmony” are not synonymous and that it 
applies to both monosyllabic and polysyllabic words. 
Vowels play only a syllable forming role in Kazakh without being “harmonisers” and moreoever, 
without  performing word distinctive functions. The word distinctive function of synharmonism is 
significant as well. Kazakh words distinguish not only by a vowel synharmonism, but also by a 
consonant one.  It is impossible for any synharmonic variant of one consonant to be replaced by 
another one. The acoustic features of the synharmonic consonants are different. Their four timbres 
are distinguished from one another by this or that order of placing vowel and consonant formants, 
because they are articulated at the same places. Since synharmonic phonology allows one to 
distinguish four synharmonic timbres (hard, soft, labial, non-labial) the whole Turkic languages can 
be called timbral ones. Thus the language functions inherent in stress of accentual languages and in 
tone of syllabic languages are found in the Turkic languages as synharmonism. 
Of the remaining letters of the Kazakh alphabet, 25 are consonants, and they can be divided as 
follows: 

 
stops: p, b, t, d, k, g, q  

 
affricates: ts, t∫>/dз 

 
fricatives: f, v, s, z, ∫>, з>, x,γ,> h 

 
nasals: m, n, ŋ 

 
lateral & flaps: l, r 

 
semi-vowels: w, y 
The following chart depicts the consonant inventory of standard Kazakh;[7] many of the sounds, 
however, are allophones of other sounds or appear only in recent loan-words. The 18 consonant 
phonemes listed by Vajda are in bold—since these are phonemes, their listed place and manner of 
articulation are very general, and will vary from what is shown. The borrowed phonemes /f/, /v/, /ɕ/, 
/t͡ɕ/ and /x/, only occur in recent mostly Russian borrowings, and are shown in parentheses ( ) in the 
table below. 
In the table, the elements left of a divide are voiceless, while those to the right are voiced [3]. 
 
 
 
Labials
 
Dental
/ 
Alveolar
 
Palato- 
alveolar
 
Alveolo- 
palatal
 
Velar
 
Uvular
 
Glottal
 
Nasal
 
m 
〈м〉 
n 
〈н〉 
 
 
ŋ 〈ң〉 
 
 
Plosive
 
p 
〈п〉  b 〈б〉  t 〈т〉  d 〈д〉   
 
k 
〈к〉  ɡ 〈г〉  q 〈қ〉   
 
Affricate
 
 
 
 
(t͡ɕ) 〈ч〉 
 
 
 
Fricative
 
(f) 
〈ф〉  (v) 〈в〉  s 〈с〉  z 〈з〉  ʃ 〈ш〉  ʒ 〈ж〉  (ɕ) 〈щ〉 
(x) 
〈х〉 
 
ʁ 〈ғ〉  h 〈һ〉 
Approximant
   
l 
〈л〉 
j 
〈й〉 
w 
〈у〉 
 
 
Tap
 
 
ɾ 〈р〉 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
165 
Consonant assimilation does occur with one of the consonant sounds being either partially or totally 
made similar to the other consonant. This mainly occurs when adding suffixes with initial 
consonants to stems with final consonants. There is also a general voicing of “к/қ” (k/q) to “г /ғ” 
(g/gh). 
With the possible exception of Russian and English loan words, stress or accent falls on the final 
syllable. Adding an affix shifts the stress to the new syllable. 
Although Swan and Smith (1987:158-161) do not specifically discuss the Kazakh language, they 
present important issues to consider for Turkish learners of English. A teacher in Kazakhstan would 
be wise to be aware of these Turkish language issues since Kazakh is a Turkic language. 
Vowels that would need attention include /iy/, /e/, /æ/, ɔ/, /uw/, and /ә/. The diphthongs /ey/, /ay/ 
and /ɔy/ in final positions; /eә/; and /әƱ/> also cause difficulty. When /I/ and /ә/ come between 
“s”and a consonant, they may become voiceless or even disappear. 
Consonants to be aware of when teaching Kazakh speakers include: 
1. /θ/ and /ð 
2. /b/, /d/, /dз/ and /g/ in final positions 
3. /v/ vs. /w/ 
4. distinction between dark /ł/ and clear /l/ 
5. when /p/, /b/, /m/, /f/ and /v/ are followed by /æ/ or /a/ 
6. final /m/, /n/ and /l/ 
Due to sound harmony all vowels and some consonants of suffixes change according to the 
preceding sounds. This is indicated with capital letters as follows: 

 
A indicates a low vowel that is realized as e [e] after a front vowel, or  as a [a] after a back 
vowel. 

 
I indicates a high unrounded vowel that is realized as i [i] after a front vowel, or as ï [ɯ] 
after a back vowel. 

 
U indicates a high rounded vowel that is realized as ü [y] after a front vowel, or as u after a 
back vowel. 

 
L may be realized as l, t, or d. M may be realized as m, p or b.  

 
D may be realized as d, t or n. N may be realized as n, t, or d. 

 
G may be realized as g, k, ḡ, or x. 
Assimilation consists of one sound being either totally or partially made similar to another. The 
main types of change are the following: 
1.
 
When suffixes with the initial consonant л-, б-, м-, н-, д- are added to stems with a final 
consonant, the initial consonant of the suffix is assimilated to the stem final consonant.  
For example, after voiceless consonants (-п, -т, -с, -к, -қ) the plural suffix +лар, +лер changes to  
+тар, +тер: 
ат + лар                   аттар 
кітап + лар              кітаптар 
after voiced consonants (-з, -ж, -л, -м, -н, -ң) the plural suffix is changes to +дар, +дер: 
жыл +лар                 жылдар 
қыз +лар                  қыздар 
Similar rules of consonant assimilation exist for all other suffixes with initial consonant. 
2.
 
There is a general voicing of к/қ to г/ғ: 
тарақ                        тарағым 
көйлек                      көйлегім 
The consonant –п  voices to   -б     between vowels: 
Кітап                        кітабым 
Көп                          көбіміз 
It is also important to watch for initial consonant clusters and clusters of more than three consonants 
[5]. When speaking English, the Kazakh learners will tend to insert vowels after the first consonant. 
Kazakh speakers will have difficulty with English rhythm patterns and with word stress. The 
Kazakh wh- questions tend to vary from the English wh- questions. Pitches after repeated or 

 
166 
secondary material in English are foreign to Kazakh speakers, as is the fall-rise pattern in warnings 
or sentences of incompleteness. 
Suggestions of Approaches and Techniques Teach Phonology in Kazakhstan 
The scope of this paper assumes the learners to be intermediate level students in institutions of 
higher learning or to be national teachers of English. The students’ goals will relate to their future 
professions of teaching or translating. They will need to communicate effectively by understanding 
and being understood. The teachers’ goals would include learning methods of teaching 
pronunciation, principles of English phonology and patterns for practical use in the classroom. 
References 
1.
 
Clark, J.; Yallop, C. (1995), An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology (2 ed.), Blackwell 
2.
 
Kirchner,M.: "KazakhandKarakalpak". In: The Turkic languages. Ed. by Lars Johanson and 
É. Á. Csató. London [u.a.] :Routledge, 1998. (Routledgelanguagefamilydescriptions).  
3.
 
Vajda,E. J.“Kazakh Phonology.” OpusculaAltaica: Essays Presented in Honor of Henry 
Schwarz, pp. 603–650. WesternWashingtonUniversity, 1994. 
4.
 
Nevis,A. Localityinvowelharmony. LinguisticInquiryMonograph. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT 
Press.  
5.
 
AlpysbaevaB., IsmagulaovaB., Turguzhanova U. Kazakh Language course for Peace Corps 
Volunteers in Kazakhstan. Almaty. 1995.  
UDC 802.0-1 
 
Difficultiesofjargontranslation 
 
A.N.Kuchshanova, A.B.Bayadilova-Altybayeva 
K.ZhubanovAktobe regional state university 
Aktobe, Kazakhstan 
 
Аталмыш мақалада жаргон сөздердің түрлері қарастырылады және аударма теориясы 
мен практикасының, сонымен қатар аударматанудың маңызды аспектерінің бірі болып 
табылатын жаргон сөздердің ағылшын тілінен ана тіліне аудармасының ерешеліктері мен 
қиындықтары зерттеледі.  
Кілт сөздер: аударма, жаргон, сленг, талдау 
В данной статье рассматриваются виды слов-жаргонов и исследуются особенности и 
трудности перевода слов-жаргонов с английского языка на родной язык, что является 
одним из важнейших аспектов теории и практики перевода и переводоведения.    
Ключевые слова: перевод, жаргон, aнaлиз. 
 
Translation is the action of interpretation of the meaning of a text, and subsequent production of an 
equivalent text that communicates the same message in another language. It takes into account 
constraints that include context, the rules of grammar of the two languages, and their writing 
conventions, idioms, phraseological units, jargon words, etc. A common misconception is that there 
exists a simple “word-for-word” correspondence between any two languages, and that translation is 
a straightforward mechanical process. A word-for-word translation does not take into account 
context, grammar, conventions, etc.  
The “Theory of translation” by V.N. Komissarov and D.L. Koralova gives the following definition 
to the meaning of translation: “Translation is a complicated phenomenon involving linguistic, 
psychological, cultural, literary, economical and other factors.” The theory of translation provides 
the translator with the appropriate tools of analysis and synthesis, makes him aware of what he is to 
look for in the original text, what type, of information he must convey in target text and how he 
should act to achieve his goal. The basic characteristics of translation can be observed in all 
translation events, different types of translation can be singled out depending on the predominant 
communicative function of the source text or the form of speech involved in the translation process. 
[1; 75] 

 
167 
Translation should be suitable for its intended purpose; therefore a translator must take care to 
produce the intended overall effect with the appropriate tone by making the right choice of words 
and their synonyms. When called upon to translate jargon, whether it is a military jargon, a medical 
jargon or a computer jargon, the translator has a very important decision to make. Will he translate 
the document word-for-word providing a verbatim rendering, or will he provide a dynamic 
equivalent?  
The dynamic equivalent translationis the type of translation that takes into account the context and 
apparent intent of the original. When providing a dynamic equivalent translation, the translator 
considers the culture of the original language, and takes into account idiomatic expressions. The 
result is a finished product that comes alive to the reader with actual intent of the original. 
The key components of the dynamic equivalent translation of jargon includeсorrect understanding 
of jargon. A good translator must be able to recognize jargon words and accurately translate them 
into the target language. Jargon or slang words lend color and flavor to any language, and a good 
writer knows how to use a jargon appropriately to help his reader more clearly understand his 
intent. Translator needs to be able to convey this meaning in the target language so that the reader 
understands the author’s original meaning, consideration of the author’s culture. Every culture is 
different, and understanding those differences is what differentiates an average translator from an 
outstanding translator. When a translator understands the cultural background that has influenced 
the author in the writing of the original, it may help him better choose the precise wording to 
convey the sense of the culture the author intended. However the translator must be careful here not 
to overstep by adding more than the author originally intended. All languages have words with 
multiple meanings. [2; 50] 
A translator should be careful when translating jargon because improper or inaccurate translation of 
these lexical units may lead to misunderstanding. A precise translator must understand the nuances 
of language that only come from proficient use and extended practice with a language. A strong 
dynamic equivalent translation will have just the right word to express the sense of the original. 
Depending upon the target language a variety of resources exist for translators seeking to provide 
good, strong, dynamic equivalent translation of jargonisms. A well-equipped library might offer a 
variety of dictionaries that will contain lots of jargon words that belong to different fields of 
science. The equivalent translation is widely used when translating jargon words.  
There are jargon words in the meaning of a computer, for instance: аппарат, банка, бандура, 
бима, бочнок, бука, бычок, вакса, ибэмма, ибээмка, керогаз, комп, компостер, компухтер, 
контупер, пентюх, шестиум  and etc. When translating these very jargons into Kazakh, it is 
better to refer to the equivalent translation. In the given list of Russian jargons there are only two 
lexical unitsаппарат, компthat also serve as jargon in the Kazakh language. This fact shows that 
the language norms and the Kazakh language itself aren’t so vulgar in comparison with the Russian 
language. English jargons loaf, kapala, testa (borrowed from Latin) in the meaning of a head are 
translated into Kazakh by several synonymous jargons like қазан, асқабақetc. In Russian it is 
котел, котелок, черепок,корзина, тыква, арбуз, глобус, кастрюля,коробочка, etc. Translation 
is a great deal of workand the translator is a main person to perform this kind of activity. It is 
important to avoid word-for-word translation and try to perform sense-to-sense translation. This 
means the translator should always bear in mind the intended meaning in the source language. The 
word-for-word or verbatim translation of the English word grease into Kazakh is as 
follows:еріткен май (тортасын айырған май), май;қою май; in the Russian language it 
is:топленое масло, жир; густая смазка.[3; 83] 
However this very word also serves as jargon, therefore it may cause confusion when translating 
this lexical unit. English jargon grease means money. Here we again refer to the equivalent 
translation that is more suitable. The equivalent Kazakh jargon words in the meaning of money are 
көк ақша, тиын. The equivalent Russian jargon in the same meaning are зеленые, шиши, бабки, 
капуста and баксы. Here we see that it is essential to be aware of the context of translation when 
translating jargon or slang words.  

 
168 
It is important to mention here that not all given lexical units of the non-literary language remain a 
foreign word that may keep someone in the dark. 
 For example the word brass in the meaning of money in general, cash is not jargon in as much as 
there is an apparent semantic connection between ‘the general name for all alloys of copper with tin 
or zinc’ and cash. The metonymic ties between the two meanings prevent the word form being used 
as a special word code. In his book “Stylistics” L.R. Galperin states that such words as brass are 
easily understood by native speakers and therefore fail to meet the most indispensable property of 
jargon words. They are slang words or perhaps colloquial. It proves again that jargon, like slang and 
other groups of the non-literary layer does not always remain the possession of a given social group. 
[4; 92] 
 
The “Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary” gives the following list of jargon words and 
expressions: 
English  
Kazakh 
Russian 
Сlot, dim-wit, dolt 
blockhead, booby, clot, 
dim-wit, dolt, marble-dome, 
dunce, meathead, pinhead, 
moron 
Миңіреу, дүлей, топас, 
мылқау 
Балда, дундук, дубина, дебил 
 
   
This is the military jargon used to call a soldier who is just a beginner. However nowadays it is 
accepted as a slang or colloquial word. There are several equivalents of a single word in three 
languages and some of them are likely to be recognized among people. In order to perform 
equivalent translation it is essential to be well aware of the target language word-stock. It is the 
main way to render equivalent translation preserving all the expressiveness of the jargon. But in this 
example we see that if an English word is considered to be jargon, in Kazakh it is just simple 
colloquial word of the non-literary layer.  The list of Kazakh jargon words that are given above are 
represented in a rather vulgar tone and sound very rude.    
 
   
 
 
 
English 
Kazakh 
Russian 
to be in the heavy 
Үлде мен бүлдеге орану 
Купаться в золоте 
 
Phraseological jargon to be in the heavy is translated into Kazakh as үлде мен бүлдеге орану. The 
phrase үлде мен бүлдеге орану means to overdress or to dress in rich clothes. The English 
phraseological jargon remains phraseological unit in the target language, but it is well understood 
by native speakers.    
 
English 
Kazakh 
Russian 
Not a dicky bird! 
Тіс жарушы болма! 
Молчок! Ни слова! 
 
   
 
 
This phrase is often used by thieves, who do aim to keep everything in secrecy. Not a dicky bird 
means to hold one’s tongue. The translation of this phraseological jargon may cause some 
difficulties. There are several word-for-word translations of this phrase. The word dickyas the noun 
means кішкентай құсas the adjective it is әлсіз, тиянақсыз, тұрақсыз, сенімсіз. Russian 
translation of this word as the noun isптичка, пташка, as the adjective – слабый, неустойчивый, 
ненадежный. According to the given words we are able to perform several different translations. 
This is the context bound word. Therefore if the translator is familiar with such phrases, 
phraseological jargon the translating process will be fulfilled more accurately and it’ll be somewhat 
difficult to distinguish original text from translated one.    
English 
Kazakh 
Russian 
Up-and-downer 
To fink 
Керілдесу (ұрыс-керіс)   
Батылы бармау 
Перепалка (ссора) 
Струсить, сдрейфить 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
169 
These are military jargon words. As in previous example the rendering of these words into the 
target language may be rather complicated. They are also context bound because the English verb to 
fink is translated into Kazakh as өсектеу, предавать. The Kazakh equivalent is accepted only as 
the simple colloquial word. As for the Russian equivalent, the word сдрейфитьis still less 
understood by different social groups of people and is considered to be jargon. As it is stated above 
the main aim of jargon is to preserve secrecy within one or another social group.  
 
 
There are certain levels of translation equivalence. Each level of equivalence is 
characterized by the part of information the retention of which distinguishes it from the previous 
level. The list of levels, therefore, includes: 1) the level of purport of communication; 2) the level of 
(the identification of) the situation; 3) the level of method of description (of the situation); 4) the 
level of syntactic meanings; 5) the level of word semantics. [5; 72] 
Let’s touch upon the fifth group of translations that can be discovered when we analyze their 
relationships with the respective originals. For example: 
1. The officer called him the bad bargain (Military jargon)  
 
 
Офицер обозвал его плохим солдатом.   
 
Офицер оны жаман солдат деп атады.    
 
 
 
 
2. They were hiding in funk-holes. (Militaryjargon)  
 
 
Они скрывались в убежищах(окопах).    
 
 
 
 
Олар баспаналарда (окоптарда) жасырынды.   
 
 
 
Here we find the maximum possible semantic similarity between texts in different 
languages. These translations try to retain the meaning of all the words used in original text. The 
examples cited above illustrate this considerable semantic proximity of the correlated words in the 
three sentences. But there are differences in the translation of jargon that is translated into Russian 
and Kazakh by the words semantically related, not equivalent jargon words. The jargon may have 
different function in the sentence. It may be subject as much as predicate. It may also be the verb as 
much as the noun, adjective or adverb. In the above given sentences the jargon bad bargain is 
formed from adjective plus noun. In all three sentences of the first example adjective plus noun is 
represented. In the second example the complex word funk-hole is being the noun as in other two 
languages. Also, as you have noticed the equivalent translation into Kazakh language differs from 
the other two sentences because of the word order in the sentence. As a rule the verb in the Kazakh 
language always stands at the end of the sentence.    
 
         In the given article we have focused on the various types of English jargons and the ways of 
their rendering from English into the Kazakh language. Having studied English jargon vocabulary 
we have found out that the usual word for slang in general is jargon. 

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