УДК 81„373
N. Ussipova,
Master course student, KazNPU named after Abay
Master course and PhD doctorate course institute
Scientific supervisor: c.p.sc., associate professor
R.E. Dabiltaeva
THE USE OF AUTHENTIC MATERIALS
IN TEACHING EFL LISTENING
The teaching of listening comprehension in EFL instruction has received more
and more attention in the EFL circle in recent years. Many researchers and
classroom teachers are doing research to find out what listening comprehension
in the target language is, and to solve the learners‘ problems in English listening
comprehension. Selecting the suitable listening materials is one important
research branch. Because authentic materials – unsolicited, spontaneous, natural
and covering a wide spectrum of styles from formal to very informal, can
АБЫЛАЙ ХАН атындағы ҚазХҚжӘТУ ХАБАРШЫСЫ «ФИЛОЛОГИЯ ҒЫЛЫМДАРЫ» сериясы
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truthfully reflect the real life language, narrow the distance between the learners
and the target language used in reality, it becomes increasingly attractive to
language experts, classroom practitioners and the learners. The present paper
tries to discuss how these materials can be effectively used in listening teaching
to improve students‘ true listening ability in English.
Key words: authentic materials, comprehension, target language, interactive
methods, referents, cohesion
The notion of authenticity has been much discussed. Marrow‘s definition will
serve us well [1]. He relates it to ―a stretch of real language produced by a real
speaker or writer for a real audience and designed to carry a real message of some
sort. Harmer says that authentic texts (either written or spoken) are those which are
designed for native speakers: They are real text designed not for language students,
but for the speakers of the language in question [2]. Nunan thinks that a rule of thumb
for authenticity here is any material which has not been specifically produced for the
purposes of language teaching [3]. Based on these definitions, we can find the real
meaning of authentic materials: they are real language; produced for the native
speakers; designed without the teaching purposes. In this sense, there are a large
amount of authentic materials in our life such as newspaper and magazine articles,
TV and radio broadcast, daily conversations, meetings, documents, speech, and films.
One of the most useful is the Internet. Whereas newspapers and other materials date
very quickly, the Internet is continuously updated, more visually stimulating as well
as interactive. If we want to introduce authentic materials in language teaching, we
need to classify them first, because some of them are suitable for the teaching of
reading and some are effective when prepared for the teaching of listening and
speaking. Authentic materials can be classified into three categories.
Authentic Listening-Viewing Materials: TV commercials, quiz shows, cartoons,
news clips, comedy shows, movies, soap operas, professionally audio-taped short
stories and novels, radio ads, songs, documentaries, and sales pitches.
Authentic Visual Materials: slides, photographs, paintings, children‘ artwork,
stick-figure drawings, wordless street signs, silhouettes, pictures from magazine, ink
blots, postcard pictures, wordless picture books, stamps, and X-rays.
Authentic Printed Materials: newspaper articles, movie advertisements,
astrology columns, sports reports, obituary columns, advice columns, lyrics to songs,
restaurant menus, street signs, cereal boxes, candy wrappers, tourist information
brochures, university catalogs, telephone books, maps, TV guides, comic books,
greeting cards, grocery coupons, pins with messages, and bus schedules.Here, we
mainly focus on the authentic listening materials. In literature, phrases like ―real
speech‖ ―the spontaneous speech‖ ―live or natural language‖ ―genuine instanced of
language use‖ ―natural conversation‖ ―what people say in real life‖ ―what native
speakers say when talking to each other‖ have been used to define authentic listening
material. The present author thinks the suitable definition should be that authentic
listening materials is unscripted, natural and spontaneous spoken language materials,
ИЗВЕСТИЯ КазУМОиМЯ имени АБЫЛАЙ ХАНА серия «ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ»
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such as interviews, lectures, dialogues, discussions, and conversations etc. Compared
with inauthentic listening materials, authentic listening materials have the advantage
of exposing students to the real language –language used in real life. This can be seen
clearly by looking at the different features of the two kinds of materials. According to
other people‘ research, these different features can be summarized mainly into four
aspects.
1. Different redundant features
We know that in the ordinary conversation or authentic listening material
speakers tend to say a great deal more than would appear to be necessary in order to
convey his message, which appears less in inauthentic listening materials. This is
called redundancy. The features of redundancy as redundant utterances which may
take the form of repetitions, false starts, re-phrasings, self-corrections, elaborations,
tautologies and apparently meaningless additions or fills such as
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