Конспект лекций по дисциплине «История языка (англ.)» для студентов специальности «Иностранная филология»
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- Бұл бет үшін навигация:
- West Germanic.
- Netherlandish.
- German language, Yiddish, English.
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(Beginning with the 8th century the Scandinavians made disastrous attacks. Linguistically, in most areas of their expansion the Scandinavian settlers were assimilated by the native population: in France they adopted French; in Northern England, in Ireland the Scandinavian dialects were displayed by English. In the Faroese Islands the West Norwegian dialects developed into a separate language called Faroese. Nowadays it is spoken by about 30 000 people. Iceland was uninhabited at the time of the 1st Scandinavian settlements. Their West Scandinavian dialects grew into an independent language, Icelandic. Modern Icelandic is very much like Old Icelandic and Old Norse, as it has not participated in the linguistic changes because of its geographical isolation.) ____________________________________________________________________________ West Germanic. At the beginning of our era the tribes dwelt the lowlands between the Oder ([‘oudə] р. Одер) and the Elbe ([‘elbə] Эльба) bordering on the Slavonian tribes in the East and the Celtic tribes in the South. On the eve of the 4th and 5th centuries the West Germans included several tribes. The Franks occupied the lower basin of the Rhine and later subdivided into Low, Middle and High Franks. The Angles and the Frisians, the Jutes and the Saxons inhabited the area of Netherlands, Germany and a part of Denmark. The High Germans included a number of tribes: the Alemanians, the Swabians, the Bavarians and others. In the early Middle Ages the Franks turned into a powerful tribe. They embraced France and a half of Italy. But their economic and ethnic unity broke up their empire into parts in the 9th century. Its western part eventually became the basis of France( and the origin of name France derived from the tribal name of the Franks). The population spoke Latin which developed into one of the most extensive Romance languages, French. The eastern part comprised several kingdoms as Swabia, Bavaria, East Franconia and Saxony. The Franconian dialects were spoken in the North and in the later Middle Ages developed into Dutch and Flemish. The earliest texts date from the 10th century. The modern language of the Netherlands called Dutch and its variant the Flemish dialects are now treated as a single language Netherlandish. About three hundred years ago the Dutch language was brought to South Africa and grew into a separate language Afrikaans. Writing in Afrikaans began as late as the end of the 19 th century. The High German dialects consolidated into Old High German (OHG) which gave rise to the literary German language, Yiddish, English. The Frisians and the Saxons did not participate in the invasion of Britain. Frisian has survived as a local dialect in Friesland (Netherlands) and Osfriesland (Germany).
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