Методика пособие готовый вариант docx
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Методика пособие готовый вариант docx
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- 2. Theoretical views of language and language proficiency.
| Interactionism:
a theory that language acquisition is based both on learners’ innate abilities and on opportunities to engage in conversations in which other speakers modify their speech to match the learners’ communication requirements. The interactionists' position is that language develops as a result of the complex interplay between the human characteristics of the child and the environment in which the child develops. The interactionists claim that language which is modified to suit the capability of the learner is a crucial element in the language acquisition process. This distinct speech, directed to children, is known as “caretaker talk”. We are all familiar with the way adults typically modify the way they speak when addressing little children. In English caretaker talk involves a slower rate of speech, higher pitch, more varied intonation, shorter, simpler sentence patterns, frequent repetition, and paraphrase . Adults often repent the content of a child’s utterance, but they do so with a grammatically correct sentence. For ex.: Child : I putted the plates on the table. Mother : you mean, I put the plate, on the table Summary. We have considered three different theories of language acquisition. On way to reconcile the behaviorist, innatist, and interactionist, explanations is to see that each may help to explain a different aspect of children’s language development. Behaviourist explanations may explain routine aspects, while innatist explanations explain the acquisition of complex grammar. Inleractionist explanations are necessary for understanding how children relate form and meaning in language, how to interact in conversations, and how to use language appropriately. 2. Theoretical views of language and language proficiency. We shall discuss three different theoretical views of language and language proficiency. The first, the most traditional of the three, is the structural view. It is the view that language is a system of structurally related elements for the coding of meaning. The target of language learning is to master the elements of this system: 1. phonological units (phonemes); 2. grammatical units ( clauses, phrases, sentences); 3. grammatical operation ( adding, shifting, joining, or transforming elements); 4. lexical items ( function words and structure words ). The Audio lingual method embodies this particular view of language and such contemporary methods as Total Physical Response (TRR) and the Silent Way. The second view of the language is the functional view – view that language is a vehicle for the expression of functional meaning. The communicative movement in language teaching subscribes to this theory hold that language teaching content should be organized by categories of meaning and function rather than by elements of structure and grammar. The syllabus will include not only elements of grammar and vocabulary but also specify the topics, notions and concepts the learner needs to communicate about. The third view of language can be called interactional view. It sees language as a vehicle for the realization of interpersonal relation. Language is seen as a tool for social relation. This theory includes interaction analysis, conversation analysis ethno methodology. It focuses on the patterns of moves, acts, negotiation and interaction found in conversational exchanges. Language teaching content may be specified and organized by жүктеу/скачать 0,93 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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