Оценивание
При выставлении зачета будет учитываться следующее:
Активное участие на лекциях ------------------------------------------ 10%
Текущий контроль (тест) ------------------------------------------------- 20%
Устный ответ ---------------------------------------------------------------20%
Итоговый контроль (тест) -----------------------------------------------20%
Доклад, презентация, критическое эссе (самостоят. работа) ---- 30%
Итого -------------------------------------------------------------------------100%
Оценки:
5 = 85-100%
4 = 71-84%
3 = 55-70%
2 = 0-54%
Criteria of Assessment of Content, Organization, Style and language mechanics
Criterion A: Content
How well can the student:
understand and analyze language, content, structure, meaning and significance of both familiar and
previously unseen oral, written and visual texts?
compare and contrast works, and connect themes across and within genres?
analyze the effects of the author‘s choices on an audience?
express an informed and independent response to literary and non-literary texts?
compose pieces that apply appropriate literary and/or non-literary features to serve the context and in-
tention?
apply language terminology in context?
Criterion B: Organization
How well can the student:
create work that employs organizational structures and language-specific conventions throughout a
variety of text types?
120
organize ideas and arguments in a sustained, coherent and logical manner, employ appropriate criti-
cal apparatus?
Criterion C: Style and language mechanics
How well can the student:
use appropriate and varied register, vocabulary and idiom, correct grammar and syntax, appropriate
and varied sentence structure?
correct spelling/writing, language to narrate, describe, analyze, explain, argue, persuade, inform, en-
tertain and express feelings, language accurately?
Achievement Level descriptor
2 = 0-54%
The student demonstrates very limited understanding of the text. The use of terminology
is missing, inconsistent and/or incorrect. The work is generally disorganized, unclear
and/or incoherent. There is little or no evidence of a register and style that serve the con-
text and intention. There are very frequent errors in punctuation and spelling/writing,
which persistently hinder communication. In oral/presentation work there is little or no
competence in oratory technique.
3 = 55-70%
The student demonstrates limited understanding of the text. The student sometimes em-
ploys organizational structures and/or language-specific conventions that serve the con-
text and intention. The work shows the beginnings of organization but lacks coherence.
There is some evidence of a register and style that serve the context and intention and in
oral / presentation work there is some competence in oratory technique.
4 = 71-84%
The student demonstrates a good understanding of the text and the student generally em-
ploys literary and/or non-literary features that serve the context and intention. Terminol-
ogy is usually accurate and appropriate. The work is generally organized, clear and cohe-
rent. In oral/presentation work there is adequate competence in oratory technique.
5 = 85-100%
The student demonstrates a perceptive understanding of the text. The work is consistent-
ly well-organized, clear and coherent and the ideas being expressed build on each other
in a sophisticated manner. The student demonstrates mastery of a register and style that
serve the context and intention. In oral/presentation work there is a high level of compe-
tence in oratory technique.
Библиография:
1.
Арнольд, И.В. Стилистика. Современный английский язык: Учебник для вузов / И.В. Арнольд
.— 4-е изд., испр. и доп. — М: Б.и., 2002 .— 384 с.
2.
Гальперин, И.Р. Стилистика английского языка. Учебник./И.Р. Гальперин.- Изд. 2-е, испр. и
доп.- М., «Высш. школа», 1977.-332 с.
3.
Judith Kay, Rosemary Gelshenen. Discovering Fiction, vv.1,2. Cambridge University Press, 2005.
4.
Ronald Carter, A. Goddard, D. Reah, K. Sanger, and M. Bowring. Working with Texts: A core in-
troduction to language analysis, Rouledge/London and New York, 2001.
5.
Scott Thornbury. Beyond the Sentence: Introducing discourse analysis, Macmillan, 2005.
Дополнительная литература:
6.
Ивашкин, М.П. Практикум по стилистике английского языка [учебное пособие]/ М.П. Иваш-
кин, В.В. Сдобников, А.В. Селяев.-М.: АСТ: Восток-Запад, 2005.- 101 с.
7.
Пелевина, Н.Ф. Стилистика английского художественного текста. – Л.: Просвещение, 1980. –
270с.
8.
Разинкина, Н.М. Функциональная стилистика. – М.: Высшая школа, 1989. – 181с.
9.
Sosnovskaya, V.B. Analytical Reading. - Moscow: Higher School, 1974. – 179 p.
121
WEEKLY TENTATIVE SCHEDULE
―Techniques of Text Analysis‖*
#
Titles of Chapters
Topics to be discussed
Hours
Points Competen-
cies
1
Developing Effec-
tive Reading Strat-
egies
Understanding and Responding. Guidelines
for a First Reading. Guidelines tor Annotat-
ing. Keeping a Reading Log and a Literary
Journal. Explaining the Plot and its
Scheme.
4
5
OK-1
OK-3
PK-5
2
S. Cisneros, "Ele-
ven"
Picture focus, story preview, sharing ideas,
reading between the lines, analyzing the
story and writing.
6
5
IK-1
IK-2
3
Developing Effec-
tive Reading Strat-
egies
Analyzing and Interpreting. Elements with-
in a Story: plot, setting, character, point of
view, symbolism, tone, irony, speech, struc-
ture, foreshadowing
6
5
OK-3
PK-5
IK-2
4
Floyd Dell, "The
Blanket"
Picture focus. story preview, sharing ideas,
reading between the lines, analyzing the
story and writing.
6
5
IK-1
IK-2
5
Mid-term exam
Writing a test on the materials of the pre-
vious lessons
2
15
Modul I
Results of the Modul I
35
6
Researching Ele-
ments Outside a
Story
P1acement in History, Placement in Litera-
ture. Link to Biography
4
4
OK-1
OK-3
PK-5
7
O‘Henry, ―Two
Thanksgiving Day
Gentlemen‖
Picture focus. story preview, sharing ideas,
reading between the lines, analyzing the
story and writing.
4
4
IK-1
IK-2
8
K. Chopin, ―The
Kiss‖
Picture focus, story preview, sharing ideas,
reading between the lines, analyzing the
story and writing.
4
4
IK-1
OK-3
IK-2
9
Poetry Studies
Forms of the Poetry: Sonnet, ode, ballad,
and others. Reading and analyzing the
poems and critical analysis of the poems.
6
4
OK-3
PK-5
IK-2
10 W. Shakespeare:
Sonnet 1 16
Read and be ready for the Discussions.
Pay attention to its rhyming scheme, the
theme and all
4
4
IK-1
IK-2
CK-1
11
Discovering
Themes
Theme versus Subject, Theme versus Top-
ic, Theme versus Moral
4
4
PK-5
IK-2
12 Final exam
Writing a test on the materials of the pre-
vious lessons
2
11
Modul II
Results of the Modul II
35
Total:
48
70
* Note: as the dates of classes may change they are not written in the schedule
122
Modular Questions of the course ―The ways of Analysis of Texts‖
Модули № 1
Баллы
a) What are the Effective Reading Strategies?
b) Text: ―Eleven‖. What is the Main idea of the text?
c) What do you know about the author of the text?
d) What is the genre of the text?
e) What is the moral or subject of the text?
f) What SDs are used in the text?
g) ―The Blanket‖ - What is the general slant of the story?
h) What can you say about Petey?
i) What are the themes of the story?
j) What is the difference between the two characters?
8
Модули № 2
Text: ―Two Thanksgiving Day Gentlemen‖, by O. Henry
a) What is the general idea of the story?
b) What can you say about Stuffy and the Old Gentleman?
c) What imagery is employed by the writer in describing the Old Gentleman and
Stuffy?
d) What is the difference between the two characters?
Text: ―I say I say I say‖, by S. Armitage
a)
What do you think about the rhyming scheme of the poem?
b)
Why the author uses this kind of layout of the poem?
c)
What do you think about the last lines of the poem?
d)
What are the themes of the poem?
e)
What can you say about the conflict of the poem?
7
Всего за модуль:
Всего за семестр:
8+7
15
Independent work of Students
#
Content of the work
Hours
1
Compiling of the glossary of the literary terms
}15
2
Presenting a comparative analysis of different texts
3
Writing a free essay on a given topic
Methodological Instructions to the Teacher
We teachers have seen many students eager-beaver to learn English but they are frustrated by the
challenges of mastering the language. Some of our students‘ favorite lessons, however, are those in which
they read and discuss short stories.
In fact, students and teachers alike find that lessons incorporating short stories provide some of the
most interesting ways to focus on reading skills, vocabulary, grammar, and even critical thinking skills.
An extra bonus in learning a language through the literature is that stories are rooted in culture. The
authors of the stories represent different backgrounds and experiences in the rich heritage of their countries.
As most teachers would agree, celebrating diversity promotes understanding and tolerance. Moreover, build-
ing our students‘ self-esteem should be a goal in every classroom.
You are giving your students a special opportunity by guiding them through the new world of litera-
ture.
123
Methodological Instructions to the Student
The texts (stories) included in this course, by various authors of diverse backgrounds, present a variety
of themes and styles. You will find these stories an exciting way to learn English. Each author represented
here was influenced by his or her own ethnic background and life experience.
As you read, think about ways in which your experiences and feelings are similar to or different from
those presented in the stories.
In the classroom, you will find studying literature with these texts an interesting way to improve your
skills in reading and oral communication as well as your understanding of vocabulary and grammar. Of
course, reading the work of good writers also enhances your writing skills.
As you enter the wonderful world of literature, you will meet people and go places you will never for-
get.
Good luck and enjoy the journey into the amusing world of literature.
Introduction to Analytical Reading
A literary work is unity of many elements which are used by the author to accomplish his intention(s)
to convey the message, to have an impact on the reader.
Impressions of different readers of the book (story) may be different which depends on taste, education, life
experience, mood, imaginative power, etc. Impressions are subjection while the literary work as a unity of
many elements with a message is objective.
Content. There are different kinds of contents in a literary work - surface and hidden. The surface
contents embrace the plot, plot structure, events, and actions, the setting, characters, their development, both
physical and/or psychological. The hidden contents are the theme, the message, the implications encoded in
the work. To understand the message the reader tries to discover what lies beyond/beneath the surface con-
tents, what the author's motives were for writing the work. The surface contents may entertain and keep the
reader curios. A skilled reader however looks for the theme and the message.
The theme of a piece of fiction is its controlling idea; the message is its central insight. The theme is
the main idea of interest treated by the author (love, family relations, war, arts, the fate of artist, conflict be-
tween man and society, etc). The theme implies the problem(s) which the writer raises. The most important
idea (problem) that the author expresses in the process of developing the theme is the message of the work
(идейноесодержаниепроизведения).
The message doesn't lie on the surface; it is expressed implicitly, i.e. indirectly, often through impli-
cations. Implication is the suggestion that is not expressed directly but understood, implied. Implication may
be conveyed by different techniques and means such as contrast (verbal and non-verbal), parallelism, recur-
rent of events or situations, symbols, arrangement of plot structure, etc.
The author's message is closely connected with the author's attitude, even if the writer assumes an impartial
and detached tone, he can't present his characters without suggesting a definite attitude in the reader's mind.
It is mainly through the characters, their actions, deeds, that the message is revealed. The protagonist is often
considered to be the message itself. Besides that, the message cannot be revealed without taking into account
the theme of the story and the title.
The title is the first element to catch the eye of the reader but its function may be revealed only re-
trospectively (after reading the whole story). It acquires its precise meaning when related to the whole story.
It may acquire a symbolic meaning. Sometimes it may acquire a totally different meaning contrary to the
first understanding. The title serves as a means of cohesion uniting the components of the story to form a
whole, as a means of focusing the readers' attention on the most relevant characters or details; it may charac-
terize the protagonist (The Man of Property). Last but not least, it may serve as a means of conveying the au-
thor's message - there are titles which actually formulate the message (Say No to Death, by Cusak).
On revealing the author's message the reader generally analyses his rational and emotional attitude to
the work and draws his own conclusion which is the objective message. It may be broader than the author's,
because it's based on more profound historical experience.
The effectiveness of the writer's presentation of the massage depends on how credible and exciting the plot
is, how lifelike and convening the characters are, how expressive the language is and how well the literary
techniques are used.
124
Theme. To derive the theme of a literary work we must ask what its central purpose is, what insight
into life it reveals. Frequently a story through its portrayal of specific persons in specific situation will have
to say about the nature of all men or about the relationship of human beings to each other or the universe.
Whatever central generalization about life rises from, the specifics of the story constitutes the theme.
Thus, the theme is unifying generalization about life stated or implied by the story. The theme of a sto-
ry like its plot may be stated very briefly or at (greater) length. The function of the writer is not just to state a
theme but to vivify it. The good writer doesn't write a story to illustrate a theme as does the writer of parables
and fables. He writes a story to bring alive some segments (aspects) of human existence when he does so co-
herently, theme arises naturally out of what he has written.
The plot of a story is a series (sequence) of interlinked events or incidents of which the story is com-
posed and in which the characters are involved. The writer arranges the events ordering them as he sees fit.
The events in a plot need not always involve physical movement; the movement may be psychological, re-
vealing the changes in the psychological state of a character. Thus it may include what a character says or
thinks as well as what he does. But it leaves out description and analysis and concentrates on major happen-
ings.
The plot may be rich or scarce (poor) in events (plotless). Yet each event is related to the theme, the
message, the conflict, the development of the characters. The plot always involves character conflict.
Conflict in fiction is a clash of actions, ideals, desires or wills; it is the opposition between forces or
characters. Conflicts are termed as external and internal.
Types of external conflicts:
(1) Man against man; the main character is pitted against (opposed to) some other person or group of
people.
(2) Man against nature (or environment). When man is in conflict with some external force (physical
nature). (The old Man and the sea)
(3) Man against society or the established order in the society (poverty, inequality, injustice), for ex-
ample, the conflict between one set of values against another set of values (The Verger)
Internal conflict is the conflict of man against himself, against his own nature, which takes place with-
in one character.
The conflict may be physical (fist or gun fight), mental, emotional or moral. The central character in
the conflict, whether one sympathize with him or he is an unsympathetic person, is referred to as the prota-
gonist. The forces arranged against him are the antagonist (persons, things, conventions of society, states of
his own character).
In some stories the conflict is single, clear-cut and identified, in others it is multiple, various and sub-
tle. A person may be in conflict with other persons, with society or nature and with himself, all at the same
time and sometimes he may be involved in conflict without being aware of it.
Suspense is the quality in a story that impels the reader to read on to answer his questions and satisfy
his curiosity. An accomplished writer keeps the reader in suspense (achieves suspense) by different stylistic
devices. In cheap escape fiction suspense is artificially created and gratifies the readers' crude curiosity while
in more sophisticated pans of fiction suspense leads the readers from curiosity to anxiety about the fate of the
characters. Suspense may be heightened by retardation, the withholding of information until the appropriate
time (The Post; The Canary for One)
Plot structure is the arrangement of events, incidents, actions. The main components of plot structure
(structural composition) are exposition. In the exposition, an introductory part of the story, the author intro-
duces the theme, the characters and establishes the setting. It may be compressed into one sentence, embrace
an opening paragraph or be extended into several paragraphs.
The second structural component is complications or the development of rising action as well as
thoughts and feelings.
The events become tenser as they move towards the crucial moment in the story, the key events, the
moment of the highest intensity of the conflict - the climax.
The events immediately following the climax and bringing the actions to an end make
up denouement. It is the unwinding of the action.
125
The components usually occur in the following order: exposition, complications, climax, denouement;
but the author may rearrange the components which create a certain effect - it may introduce a necessary
mood, create and increase suspense and tension, and affect the reader's emotional response to the story.
The events of the plot are generally localized, i. e. they are set in a particular place and time.
Setting. For the setting the writer chooses (selects) most relevant details which would suggest the
whole scene. In some stories the setting is scarcely noticeable, in others it plays a very important role.
The functions of the setting may wary.
It helps to evoke the necessary atmosphere or mood (esp. descriptions of nature).
It may reinforce characterization by either paralleling or contrasting the actions (suggest similarity or
contrast).
It may reflect the inner state of a character ( King Lear - the raging storm; or serene landscape).
A realistic environment (including geographical names, historical dates and names, allusions to histor-
ical events) tends to increase the credibility of the whole plot - the reader accepts the characters and their ac-
tions more readily.
A surprise ending is an element of plot, like suspense or climax. The escape story supplies a surprise
ending more frequently than does the interpretive. It may be a cheap trick or it may carry significance (a)
when the author withholds the information that the reader ought to have been given earlier, or the surprise is
brought about as the result of an improbable coincidence, or unlikely series of small coincidence (b) when
the ending that comes at first as a surprise seems perfectly logical and natural as we look back over the story.
Its justification comes when it serves to open up or to reinforce the meaning of the story.
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