EBRD
European Bank for Reconstruction and
Development
Европейский
банк
реконструкции
и
развития
EC
European Community
Европейское
сообщество
E.C.
Executive Committee
исполнительный
комитет
ECOSOC
Economic and Social Council
Экономический
и
социальный
совет
ООН
EFTA
European Free Trade Association
Европейская
ассоциация
свободной
торговли
,
ЕАСТ
EMS
European Monetary System
E
вропейская
валютная
система
EU
European Union
Европейский
союз
FBI
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Федеральное
бюро
расследований
,
ФБР
(
США
)
F.O.
Foreign Office
Министерство
иностранных
дел
(
Великобритания
)
G-7
The Group of Seven
группа
семи
(
ведущих
стран
Запада
)
GA
General Assembly
Генеральная
Ассамблея
ООН
G.H.Q.
General Headquarters
ставка
главного
командования
;
штаб
-
квартира
;
общевойсковой
штаб
GM food
Genetically modified food
генетически
модифицированные
продукты
питания
IBA
Independent Broadcasting Authority
Управление
независимого
вещания
(
Великобритания
)
ICJ
International Court of Justice
Международный
суд
ООН
ICW
International Council of Women
Международный
совет
женщин
,
МСЖ
ID
Intelligence Department
разведывательный
отдел
ILO
International Labor Organization
Международная
организация
труда
ООН
,
МОТ
IMF
International Monetary Fund
Международный
валютный
фонд
(
ООН
)
IOC
International Olympic Committee
Международный
олимпийский
комитет
,
МОК
IRA
Irish Republic Army
Ирландская
республиканская
армия
,
ИРА
IRC
International Red Cross
Международное
общество
Красного
Креста
— 71 —
Abbreviation
Meaning
Translation
IRO
International Refugee Organization
Международная
организация
по
делам
беженцев
ITV
Independent Television
независимое
телевидение
(
Великобритания
)
J.P.
Justice of the Peace
мировой
судья
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Организация
Североатлантического
договора
,
НАТО
NHS
National Health Service
Государственная
служба
здравоохранения
NSPCC
National Society for the Prevention of
Cruelty to Children
Национальное
общество
защиты
детей
от
жестокости
OECD
Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development
Организация
экономического
сотрудничества
и
развития
OEEC
Organization for European Economic
Cooperation
Организация
Европейского
экономического
сотрудничества
,
ОЕЭС
OPEC
Oil Producing and Exporting Countries
Организация
стран
-
экспортёров
нефти
,
ОПЕК
OSCE
Organization for Security and Cooperation in
Europe
Организация
по
безопасности
и
сотрудничеству
в
Европе
,
ОБСЕ
SC
Security Council
Совет
безопасности
S.E.
Stock Exchange
фондовая
биржа
SI
(International) System of Units
Международная
система
единиц
,
СИ
UNESCO
United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization
Организация
ООН
по
вопросам
образования
,
науки
и
культуры
,
ЮНЕСКО
UNGA
United Nations General Assembly
Генеральная
Ассамблея
ООН
UNICEF
United Nations (International) Children’s
(Emergency) Fund
Фонд
ООН
помощи
детям
UNO
United Nations Organization
Организация
Объединённых
Наций
,
ООН
UNSC
United Nations Security Council
Совет
Безопасности
ООН
UPI
United Press International
Информационное
агенство
Юнайтед
пресс
Интернэшнл
,
ЮПИ
WHO
World Health Organization
Всемирная
организация
здравоохранения
,
ВОЗ
WTO
World Trade Organization
Организация
по
международной
торговле
,
ООН
— 72 —
APPENDIX C
NEWSPAPER VOCABULARY
Newspaper Word
Meaning
Aid
Help
Axe
Cut, leave, finish
Back
Support
Bar
Exclude, forbid
Bid
Attempt
Blast
Explosion
Blaze
Fire
Block
Stop, delay
Blow
Bad news, discouragement
Boom
Big increase
Boost
Encourage
Boss
Manager, director
Clash
Dispute
Call for
Demand, appeal
Charge
Accusation
Curb
Limit
Cutback
Reduction
Deal
Agreement
Drama
Exciting/dramatic event
Drive
United effort
Due
Expected to arrive
Edge
Move gradually
Envoy
Diplomat
Face
Be threatened by
Feud
Long-lasting quarrel
Fraud
Deceit
Fuel
Provide reason for growth (of anger)
Gag
Censorship , prevent from speaking
Gems
Jewels
Go for
Be sold for
Grab
Take violently
Gun down
Shoot
Hail
Welcome, praise
Head for
Move towards
Hold
Arrest, keep under arrest
Hit
Affect badly
Jail
Prison
Key
Essential
Lash
Criticize violently
Launch
Begin
— 73 —
Newspaper Word
Meaning
Lead
Clue (in police enquiry)
Leak
Unofficial publication of secret information
Link
Connection
Mar
Spoil
Mob
Angry crowd, organized crime
Net
Win, capture
Odds
Chances
Opt
Choose
Ordeal
Painful experience
Oust
Push out
Peril
Danger
Plea
Request
Pledge
Promise
Poised to
Ready to
Poll
Election
Probe
Investigation
Pull out
Withdraw
Push for
Ask for
Quit
Leave, resign
Quiz
Question
Rap
Criticize
Riddle
Mystery
Saga
Long-running news story
Scoop
Win
Seek
Look for
Shed
Get rid of
Slash
Close down, fight
Split
Disagree
Stun
Surprise
Sway
Persuade
Toll
Total number of death
Urge
Encourage
Wed
Marry
Vow
Promise
Woo
Attract, win the support of
— 74 —
APPENDIX D
A SCHEME OF NEWSPAPER ARTICLE ANALYSIS
1. Headline:
a) name the title of the article and its purpose (The purpose of the headline is usually to convey the
core of the story and attract readers' attention, to set the tone for the article);
b) mention all linguistic features used in making the headline.
2. Byline and dateline: Say who printed the article and when it was published.
3. The 1st paragraph:
a) compare the information mentioned in the 1st paragraph with that contained in the article;
b) give a nut-shell account of the story mentioning what is usually contained in the first paragraph;
don’t forget the 5 “W” and “H” pattern.
4. Body of the article: give a more extended summary of the article, making use of the news facts and
details you learned from the body of the article.
5. Linguistic features:
a) make an analysis of grammar features of an article, giving exact name of the feature, the purpose
for its use and example from the text;
b) make an analysis of graphology and punctuation features of an article, giving exact name of the
feature, the purpose for its use and example from the text;
c) make an analysis of vocabulary features of an article, giving exact name of the feature, the purpose
for its use and example from the text.
6. Make a conclusion as to which point of view the author sticks to or supports.
7. Personal opinion on the article.
8. Comment on the general tone of the article.
— 75 —
APPENDIX E
USEFUL PHRASES
The article is headlined…
The title of the text under consideration is…
The author of the article is…
The article is written by …
The article is intended for…
The main idea of the article is …
As the title implies the article describes…
The article is devoted to …
The article touches upon…
The purpose of the article is to give the reader some information on …
The aim of the article is to provide the reader with …
The author starts by telling the readers about …
The text opens with …
The description is based on …
Further the author reports that …
The author goes on to say that …
In conclusion the article reads …
To finish with, the author describes …
I find the article important (of no value, hard to understand, etc.) …
The problems touched upon in the text are …
— 76 —
APPENDIX F
ON THIS DAY…
Date
Headline
Summary
8 February, 1952
New Queen proclaimed for UK
Princess Elizabeth has formally proclaimed herself
Queen and Head of the Commonwealth and
Defender of the Faith
12 November, 1954
New York's Ellis Island closes
New York's main immigration control centre, Ellis
Island, has shut down after 62 years
4 October, 1957
Sputnik satellite blasts into
space
A Russian satellite has been launched into space —
the first man-made object ever to leave the Earth's
atmosphere
12 September, 1959
Soviets launch rocket at the
Moon
A massive Russian rocket, carrying 860 lb (391 kg)
of scientific instruments, has been successfully
launched at the Moon
22 November, 1963
Kennedy shot dead in Dallas
The President of the United States has been
assassinated by a gunman in Dallas, Texas
15 September, 1964
The Sun newspaper is born
The Sun newspaper is published today for the first time
24 December, 1968
First astronauts orbit Moon
The Apollo 8 spacecraft has taken its crew of three
astronauts safely into orbit around the Moon, the
first manned space mission to achieve the feat
21 July, 1969
Man takes first steps on the
Moon
American Neil Armstrong has become the first man
to walk on the Moon
11 January, 1973
First Open University degrees
awarded
The first graduates from the Open University (OU)
have been awarded their degrees after two years
studying from home
20 October, 1973
Dalai Lama makes first UK
visit
The spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhists, the Dalai
Lama, has arrived in Britain for the start of a 10-day
tour during which he will “administer vows to people
who want them”
1 October, 1975
Muhammad Ali wins 'Thrilla in
Manila'
US boxer Muhammad Ali has retained the world
heavyweight boxing championship after defeating
his arch-rival, Joe Frazier, in their third and
arguably greatest fight
28, July, 1976
Chinese earthquake kills
hundreds of thousands
Hundreds of thousands of people are feared dead
following an 8.3 magnitude earthquake in China
25 December, 1977
Silent film legend Chaplin dies
Charles “Charlie” Spencer Chaplin, the comic
genius of silent films, has died aged 88
16 October, 1978
Polish bishop is new Pope
Cardinals at the Vatican have chosen the first non-
Italian Pope for more than 400 years
22 September, 1980
War breaks out between Iran
and Iraq
Three weeks of border clashes between Iran and
Iraq appear to have finally erupted into all-out war
8 December, 1980
John Lennon shot dead
Former Beatle John Lennon has been shot dead by
an unknown gunman who opened fire outside the
musician's New York apartment
6 December, 1983
Transplant makes British
medical history
The first heart and lung transplant operation to be
performed in Britain was successfully carried out
today
23 April, 1984
Scientist finds Aids virus
The discovery of a virus which may cause Aids, the
fatal disease sweeping through America, has been
hailed as a “monumental breakthrough” in medical
research
— 77 —
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