Participle II (3
форма глагола) смыслового глагола: to be grown - быть выращенным.
Пассивный залог показывает, что подлежащее не выполняет действие, а
подвергается действию другого лица или предмета. Если указано, кем
произведено действие, то употребляется предлог by, a если указано, чем
произведено действие, - предлог with: Пример:
Donald Duck was created by Walt Disney in 1936.
Утенок Дональд был создан Уолтом Диснеем в 1936 году
Rice is eaten with chopsticks in China.
Рис едят палочками в Китае.
Compare:
Active Voice Passive Voice
I ask - я спрашиваю I am asked - меня спрашивают
I asked - я спрашивал I was asked - меня спрашивали
I will ask - я спрошу I will be asked - меня спросят
The Passive Voice
Simple
Continuous
Perfect
Present спрашивают
обычно
всегда
каждый день
am
is asked
are
спрашивают
сейчас
все еще
am
is being asked
are
спросили
уже
(результат)
have
has been asked
Past
спросили,
был спрошен
вчера
когда-то
в прошлом
was
were аsked
спрашивали
когда я приехал
was
were being asked
спросили,
был спрошен
(к тому моменту, уже)
had been asked
Future спросят,
будет спрошен
завтра
will
(shall) be asked
спросят,
будет спрошен
(к тому моменту)
will have been asked
beV
3
be being V
3
have been V
3
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Grammar Activities (Passive Voice)
Exercise 1 Complete the sentences with appropriate Passive forms of the verbs in brackets.
1. The thief (catch) by the police and then he (sentence) to five years of prison. 2. Next semester
the course of pulmonology (teach) by Professor Watson. 3. The entire village can (see) from our
mountain cottage. 4. Eugene (not, admit) to the testing room because he was late and the students
(already, examine). 5. Mr. Butler‘s car (repair) now. 6. A new cinema (build) when I lived in this
street. 7. The dinner should (serve) by now. The service is very slow in this restaurant. 8. Walter
(make) to wear a uniform since he went to school. 9. The new monument (already, erect) in the
centre of the square. 10. The physician (send) for and the operation (perform) by a skilled surgeon
in two hours. 11. The boss said that it was to (do) on time. 12. It‘s very strange, but this resort
seldom (visit) by many Europeans. 13. The documents already (sign), you can take them any time
convenient for you. 14. The cake (eat) by the guests before I came.
Exercise 2 Choose the correct answer.
1. The Getty Museum in Malibu, California, … by a US businessman who owned an oil company
last year. A. is built
B. was built
C. had been built
D. has been built
2. When I turned on the radio the President‘s speech …. A. was being broadcast
B. was broadcast
C. broadcast
D. has been broadcast
3. This problem … so quickly. It will take some time. A. had been solved
B. can‘t be solved
C. was being solved
D. has been solved
4. You could tell that the horse …. A. had been looked after
B. has been looked after
C. is looked after
D. is being looked after
5. A salad … by the chef when I entered the kitchen. A. was prepared
B. had been prepared
C. was being prepared
D. is prepared
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6. Many people … of the right to vote. A. was deprived
B. have been deprived
C. had been deprived
D. will deprive
7. Political debates … in this country nowadays. A. were paid much attention to
B. are being paid much attention to
C. will be paid much attention to
D. is being paid much attention to
8. After we had finished the second course the dessert … A. served
B. was being served
C. was served
D. is served
9. We can‘t use the fitness center yet because it … A. is still building
B. is still being built
C. has been built
D. is still built
10. Mr. Brown … to give details of his bank account the day before yesterday.
A. made
B. was made
C. has made
D. is being made
Exercise 3 Translate into English.
1. Наверное, самолѐт был задержан из-за плохой погоды. 2. За последние годы было издано
большое количество справочников по фармакологии. 3. Наши планы на поездку будут
обговорены завтра. 4. Когда Джексон сел в машину, он увидел, что украли его портфель с
документами. 5. В Капитолии США обговариваются новые законы и принимаются новые
решения. 6. Когда я проходил мимо кафе, меня позвали. 7. Этим компьютером сейчас
пользуются? 8. Статью напечатали после того, как еѐ отредактировали. 9. Извините, сэр. За
Ваш номер не заплатили! 10. Все соглашения были подписаны до встречи с работниками
предприятия. 11. Эта дисциплина будет вычитана в первом семестре. 12. Будет ли выполнено
обещание правительства о снижении налогов? 13. Когда твоѐ обещание бросить курить будет
выполнено? 14. Ему покажут новый компьютер в следующие выходные. 15. Всѐ сделано,
ничего нельзя исправить. 16. Об условиях контракта договорились. 17. О детях всегда
хорошо заботились. 18. Я должен идти, так как меня ждут. 19. Она сказала, что за доктором
пошлют. 20. Что сделано, то сделано.
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Test yourself (Passive Voice)
1. The day before yesterday I … to the restaurant by Tom Jenkins.
A. are invited
B. was invited
C. invited
2. Look! The old bridge … at last!
A. is repaired
B. has repaired
C. is being repaired
3. The letter and the parcel … tomorrow.
A. is posted
B. was posted
C. will be posted
4. Margaret … to be a very industrious person.
A. has been known
B. is been known
C. is known
5. The problem … for three years, but they haven‘t got any results.
A. was studied
B. had been studied
C. has been studied
6. Dad phoned us and asked if our luggage … .
A. was already being packed
B. had already been packed
C. was packed
7. The doctor said that Tommy‘s leg … the following day.
A. will be X-rayed
B. would be X-rayed
C. will have been X-rayed
8. In Greece the Olympic Games … once in four years.
A. were held
B. are being held
C. are held
9. The police car came when the injured man … the road.
61
A. was being carried off
B. had been carried off
C. has been carried off
10. I … in a small town in the south of Ukraine.
A. was born
B. had been born
C. was being born
11. The book … by the end of September.
A. would be published
B. will have been published
C. would have been published
12. What a pity, John won‘t come. He … about the meeting beforehand.
A. should have been told
B. should be told
C. will be told
13. The child … when he got to the hospital.
A. had taken care of
B. is taken care of
C. was taken care of
14. After the facts … to her, she no longer felt worried.
A. were explained
B. have been being explained
C. had been explained
15. Nick … to go home at once.
A. was being told
B. had been told
C. was told
16. This mountain … before.
A. will be never climbed
B. has never been climbed
C. was being climbed
17. These magazines … to the library.
A. had to be returned
B. have to be returned
C. would have to be returned
18. While a current is flowing through a wire ...
62
А. the latter is being heated.
В. the wire heats herself.
С. the latter is heating.
19. Our car ... before it rained.
А. was washing and polishing
В. will be thoroughly cleaned
С. had just been washed
20. ... that oxygen is never wholly removed from the blood.
А. You are certainly observed
В. You will observe
С. The contemporary scientist consider
21. The presence of infection ...
А. accelerates the flow of lymph.
В. is accelerated the flow of lymph.
С. and flow of lymph accelerate.
22. By the middle of the nineteenth century about 60 elements...
А. were discovered with famous chemists.
В. had been discovered.
С. will have been discover.
23. The rate of bone growth ...
А. influences age and sex.
В. will being determined with age and sex.
С. is influenced by age, sex and function.
24. Fast-food restaurants ... in the world.
А. have been established in almost every country
В. have established with their owners
С. is opening their doors to a lot of people
25. At the present moment your blood tests ... in the lab.
А. are being processed
В. processing by our specialists
С. have carefully processed
26. If the patient is seriously ill, the physician ...
А. will be prescribed him.
В. will prescribe him a necessary treatment.
С. is prescribing him many treatments.
27. Oliver ... to come near the table and sit down.
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А. tells by Mr. Brown
В. have told Mr. Brown
С. was told by Mr. Brownlow
28. What procedures ... to make a correct diagnosis?
А. use doctors
В. by doctors are used
С. are used
29. Students, you know that the dentist ...
А. is extracted an ill tooth just now.
В. has extracted the bad tooth two days ago.
С. will extract this tooth at her earliest convenience.
30. In Mr. Ventnor's office you spoke when ...
А. you were spoken to.
В. to you were spoken.
С. you was speaking to.
31. ... to drink a lot of water and to continue with his antibiotic.
А. Mr. Wildgoose was advising by his GP
В. Mr. Smithson will advise last week
С. Mr. Brandon was advised
32. The tooth we spoke about ... before the head of the chair came in.
А. had been pulled out
В. is extracted
С. was filled in with us
33. After carefully examining the patient ...
А. the doctor was discharged by him.
В. the doctor discharged him immediately.
С. the doctor decide to discharge him.
34. This book … to us by our teacher.
А. is been recommended
В. are recommended
С. has been recommended
35. The doctor said that the sick man … to the hospital
А. must be taken
В. had taken
С. need to taken
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Unit 10. Look, Read and Remember
HAVE SOMETHING DONE
В отличие от других языков, в английском языке вы не можете сказать, что вы
делаете, делали или будете что-то делать сами, если на самом деле, кто-то
выполняет это вместо вас. Например, вы не можете сказать: I am going to service
my car (я собираюсь обслужить свою машину), если подразумевает: You are
going to take it to a garage and a mechanic is going to service it for you (вашу
машину обслужит механик в гараже).
Сравните:
Tom repaired the roof (= he did it himself).
Том отремонтировал крышу = он сделал это сам.
Tom had the roof repaired. (=he arranged for someone else to do it).
Тому отремонтировали крышу = он договорился с кем-то, чтобы ему
отремонтировали крышу (кто-то ещѐ сделал это, а не Том).
Пассивные конструкции object + be + past participle (V
3
) употребляются тогда,
когда что-то происходит, о чем вы не договаривались или не хотели, чтобы так
случилось. Например:
Our house was broken into last night. My wallet was stolen in the shopping center.
В ситуациях, когда вы говорите, что договариваетесь с кем-то, чтобы что-
то сделали для вас (обычно это услуга, за которую вы платите) необходимо
употреблять структуру:
have(or get) + object+ past participle (V
3
)
Например:
I am having my hair cut next week. Ann had the dress made.
Let`s get the dog shampooed. I`m going to get my computer fixed.
Употребление get является менее официальным, чем have, но значение то же
самое.
Have something done может употребляться в разных грамматических
конструкциях:
have + object + past participle
Jill
had
the roof
repaired
yesterday.
Where did you
have
your hair
done?
We are
having
the house
painted
at the moment.
Tom has just
had
a telephone
installed
in his flat.
How often do you
have
your car
serviced?
Why don`t you
have
that coat
cleaned?
I want to
have
my photograph taken.
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Grammar Activities (Have something done)
Exercise 1. Complete the sentences and make clear that the people don't / didn't do it
themselves.
1. We ……………………………………………(the house/paint) at the moment.
2. When was the last time you …………..……………(your hair/cut) ?
3. ………………………………………………………..…. (you/a newspaper/deliver) to your house
every day, or do you go out and buy one ?
4. What are those workmen doing in your garden ? Oh, we …………………….(a garage/build).
5. This coat is dirty. I must………………………………………… (it/clean).
6. If you want to wear earrings, why don't you……………………..………………..(your
ears/pierce)?
7. Why did you go to the cleaner's ? I needed ………………………………(my jacket /clean).
8. We usually ………………………………………(the bedrooms / redecorate) every two years.
9. …………………………………………………you / ever/ anything / steal) from your house?
10.
Sarah
isn't
making
her
own
wedding
dress,
she
……………………………………………….(it/make) by a designer in Italy.
11. He didn't fix his car himself, he …………………………….………..(it / fix) at the garage.
12. Are they going to paint the kitchen themselves, or ………………………………..(it / paint)?
Exercise 2. Put the words in the correct order.
a / copy / he / had / made
a / key / had / new / I / manufactured
we / our / serviced / had / car
his / sister / will / pizzas / delivered / have / two
have / did / you / trees / your / cut down?
Exercise 3. Use in Different Tenses
1-Present Simple
He paints his shoes. He ………his shoes…….. .
2-Present Continuous
He is mending his car. He …………….his car………..
3-Past Simple
She watered her garden. She …………her garden ………...
4-Past Continuous
She was perming her hair. She …………..her hair ……………… .
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5-Future Simple
I will repair the roof. I …………….the roof ……………….
6-Present Perfect
The manager has cleaned the windows. The manager …………the windows…………….
7-Present Perfect Continuous
She has been taking photo. She ……………photos…………………….
8-Past Perfect
You had ironed your T-shirt. You ………..your shirt ………………...
9-Past Perfect Continous
He had been decorating your house. He ………..his house ……………….
10-Modal/Infinitive
He may send the parcel. He …………the parcel ……………………
Exercise 4. Complete the sentences and make clear that the people don't / didn't do it
themselves
1. Tomorrow, ......................................(she / repair / her shower) .
2. Each Saturday, ......................................(we / deliver / a pizza) to our home.
3. Last year, .............................................(Bob / clean / his house) by a charwoman.
4. As Phil had a broken arm, ..........................................(he / type / his texts) by his secretary.
5. (I / pick up / the goods)................................................ tomorrow in the afternoon.
6. (we / redecorate / our walls) ..................................................... last summer.
7. Whenever Clara is staying at this hotel, ....................................(she / carry / her bags) into her
room.
8. (we / organise / our last party) .................................................................. by professionals.
Exercise 5. Translate from Russian into English.
Нам покрасили забор в прошлом году.
Ему починили машину две недели назад.
На прошлой неделе она подстриглась за $20.
Ей нужно починить часы.
Она плохо себя чувствует: ей вчера удалили зуб.
В данный момент мне меняют мою кредитную карту.
Я заказываю билеты в интернете, и мне привозят их домой.
Ты плохо видишь, я думаю, тебе надо проверить зрение.
Нам меняют оборудование каждые полгода.
Завтра ему переведут эту статью.
Через два дня на ее компьютер установят эту программу.
Каждый месяц ему чистят одежду в химчистке.
67
Test yourself (Have something done)
1.
Everyday we __________
A. have our newspaper delivered
B. had our newspaper delivered
C. have our newspaper deliver
2. I lost my key. I will have to_________
A. have another one make
B. had another one made
C. have another one made
3.
I had some problems with my PC and needed to_________
A. have my system reinstalled
B. had my system reinstall
C. had my system reinstalled
4.
I had to __________ because it had broken
A. had my screen fixed
B. have my screen fixed
C. have my screeen fix
5.
This coat is dirty. I must_______
A. have it cleaned
B. is having it cleaned
C. will have it cleaned
6.
We ___________ at the moment.
A. are having our house painted
B. were having our house paint
C. are having our house painting
7.
We __________by a known architect next year.
A. will have our house projected
B. had our house projected
C. were having our house projected
8.
What are those workmen doing in your garden ? ... Oh, we ________
A. are having our garage build
B. are having our garage built
C. is having our garage built
9.
I think I should ______ by a specialist
A. to have my hearing checked
68
B. will have my hearing checked
C. have my hearing checked
10.
I ______ twice.
A. had stolen my wallet
B. had my wallet stolen
C. have had my wallet stolen
11.
Every year I________ in colourful paper.
A. have wrapped my wife‘s birthday present
B. have my wife‘s birthday present wrap
C. have my wife‘s birthday present wrapped
12.
Today I _____ for my family myself.
A. am making dinner
B. am having dinner made
C. am having made dinner
13.
Sorry, but we can't watch any movie. I _______ yet
A. haven‘t had my DVD recorder repaired
B. doesn‘t have my DVD recorder repaired
C. are not having my DVD recorder repaired
14.
I __________ in a car accident yesterday
A. have my arm broken
B. had my arm broken
C. will have my arm broken
15.
My car looked awful so I_________
A. had it washed
B. are having it washed
C. has it washed
16.
I look terrible. I must_______
A. had my hair washed
B. have my hair washed
C. having my hair washed
17. Sometimes I have a terrible headache. Maybe I should _____________ by a doctor.
A. have my head examined
B. will have my head examined
C. having my head examined
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