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Lesson 7. Era and time
- Бұл бет үшін навигация:
- The developments of the twentieth century
| Answer the questions:
1) What was very effective as a local anaesthetic? 2) When could surgeons carry out long and complicated operations? 3) Who was the originator of the germ theory of disease? 4) What is pasteurization? 5) Who is the founder of cellular pathology? 6) What are the main scientific advances of the nineteenth century? 7) What did Wilhelm K. Roentgen discover in 1895? The developments of the twentieth century During the first seventy years of the twentieth century many discoveries were made in the treatment and prevention of disease. In 1901 Karl LandSteiner discovered the blood groups. Some diseases are not caused by germs or infections but by the lack (недостаток, нехватка) of certain substances in our food. The discovery of vitamins in 1912 was very important to provide (обеспечить) people with a properly balanced diet. In 1922 Sir Frederick Banting found that insulin was very effective against diabetes. Penicillin was discovered in 1928 by Dr. Alexander Fleming who became the founder of the modern science of antibiosis. Penicillin was used in hospitals to reduce infections in wounds during the Second World War. Streptomycin and a series of anti-infection drugs were discovered after penicillin. All these drugs are known as antibiotics. A drug known as sulphanilamide was discovered in 1935. It became the first of the "miracle" drugs (чудодейственное лекарство) which gave immediate and amazing results in the treatment of many infectious diseases including pneumonia. During the two world wars, great advances were made in the field of plastic surgery, in which skin, bone or muscle was taken from one part of the body and then was transplanted to a badly injured area in another part. Great progress was made in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, bacterial and viral infections, kidney disorders and other main causes of death and disability (потеря трудоспособности). The individual of today will live longer and more healthfully than ever before. жүктеу/скачать 58,49 Kb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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