КАЗАХСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ
ОТНОШЕНИЙ И МИРОВЫХ ЯЗЫКОВ
ИМЕНИ АБЫЛАЙ ХАНА
ЦЕНТР КОРЕЕВЕДЕНИЯ
КОРЕЕВЕДЕНИЕ
КАЗАХСТАНА
выпуск 2
Алматы, 2014
“This journal was supported by the Academy of Korean Studies Grant
funded by the Korean Government (MEST) (AKS-2012-BBZ-2103)”
КОРЕЕВЕДЕНИЕ КАЗАХСТАНА выпуск 2(2014)
УДК 811.531
ББК 81.2-Кор.
К 66
Редакционная коллегия сборника «Корееведение Казахстана»:
Главный редактор: Пак Н.С., д.ф.н., профессор КазУМОиМЯ,
Казахстан
Ответственный редактор: Чан Ходжон, Ph.D., профессор КазУМОиМЯ,
Казахстан
Члены редакционной коллегии:
Ён Чехун, Ph.D., Лондонский университет SOAS, Великобритания
Ким А.С., к.ф.н., доцент КазУМОиМЯ, Казахстан
Курбанов О.С., д.и.н., профессор СПбГУ, Россия
Пек Тхехён, к.и.н., профессор Бишкекского Гуманитарного Университета,
Кыргызстан
Сон Ёнхун, Ph.D., профессор Университета иностранных языков Хангук,
Республика Корея
Сон Хянгын, Ph.D., профессор Пусанского университета иностранных
языков, Республика Корея
Ужкенов Е.М., к.и.н., доцент КазУМОиМЯ, Казахстан
Составители:
Ким У.А.
Ем И.Э.
Свиридова В.А.
Корееведение Казахстана. - Сборник статей. - Алматы, КазУМОиМЯ
им. Абылай хана, Казахстан, 2014. – 409 с. выпуск 2.
ISBN 978-601-270-197-5
В данном сборнике представлены статьи по различным областям
корееведения. Они расположены в алфавитном порядке по четырём
разделам и публикуются на русском, корейском, английском и казахском
языках.
Данное издание выпущено при поддержке Академии Корееведения
Республики Корея.
Книга рассчитана на широкий круг читателей – студентов,
магистрантов, аспирантов, докторантов, преподавателей, ученых,
исследователей, а также тех, кто интересуется Кореей и проблемами
корееведения.
ISBN 978-601-270-197-5
© КазУМОиМЯ им. Абылай хана, 2014
Содержание
i
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
ЛИНГВИСТИКА, ЛИТЕРАТУРА
BARNES-SADLER, SIMON. Hangul and the Korean Manual Alphabet .................... 1
ДУБРОВСКАЯ Т.В. Классы сложных цветообозначений «черный» в корейском
языке ............................................................................................................................ 16
ЖИЛА В.Г. Принципы дифференциации фразеологизмов и пословиц в
корейском языке ......................................................................................................... 24
КИМ У.А. О языке корейской диаспоры Казахстана и других стран Центральной
Азии ............................................................................................................................. 33
КОЛОДИНА Е.А. Проблема перевода кинодиалога (на материале корейского
кино) ............................................................................................................................. 39
КУДРЯВЦЕВА Н.А. Конфликт Севера и Юга и его влияние на лексические
заимствования в южнокорейском языке .................................................................. 45
ЛИ Т.Б. Класс «служебных имен существительных» в корейском языке ............ 51
누르갈리예바 아이굴. 한국어와 러시아어 신체 관련 관용어의 비교 – '머리'를
중심으로 ...................................................................................................................... 63
СОН Ж.Г. Семантические особенности усилительных частиц: -도; -까지; -마저; -
조차 [-то, -ккачжи, -мачжǒ, -чжочха] «даже, тоже, также» и их роль в
коммуникативных отношениях ................................................................................. 72
ТЕН Е.В. Синтаксические конструкции в корейском языке .................................. 84
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ
ВОРОНИНА Л.А. Проблемы в обучении лексике студентов-лингвистов,
изучающих корейский язык как второй иностранный ............................................ 91
강성규. 서시베리아 대학교에서의 한국어 강좌 현황 ........................................... 101
김영경. 외국어로서의 한국어 교육에서 효과적인 한국어 말하기 학습지도 ...... 109
КИМ Н.Д. К вопросу изучения предложения в корейском языке ....................... 120
КИМ О.А. Частицы в системе аффиксов корейского языка................................. 126
МЕН С.О. К вопросу формирования лингвострановедческой компетенции на
занятиях по корейскому языку (на материале лексики из текстов по архитектуре)
.................................................................................................................................... 134
ПАК В.И., КОН О.В., ЧУРБАНОВ И.А. Семантизация фоновой и
безэквивалентной лексики в процессе обучения корейскому языку .................... 140
ПАК Т.Н. Методические приёмы повышения эффективности обучения лексики
корейского языка ...................................................................................................... 149
방정식. 한국어의 효과적 학습을 위한 드라마 활용하기 ...................................... 155
장호종. 중앙아시아 한국학의 현황과 네트워크의 필요성 – 카자흐스탄
한국학
네트워크의 구축 현황을 중심으로 .......................................................................... 162
КОРЕЕВЕДЕНИЕ КАЗАХСТАНА выпуск 2(2014)
ii
ИСТОРИЯ, СОЦИОЛОГИЯ, КУЛЬТУРА
ГАЛИЕВ А.А., СВИРИДОВА В.А. Корея и Казахское ханство как
семиотические системы ............................................................................................ 175
ЕСЕРКЕПОВА Ж.О. Орта ғасырдағы Корё мәдениетінің ерекшелігі ............... 182
ИВАНОВ А.Ю. К проблеме местоположения границ первого корейского
государства Древний Чосон ..................................................................................... 193
КАГАЗБАЕВА Э.М. Имиджевая политика государства: опыт Южной Кореи .. 212
КОРНЕЕВА И.В. Паровые хлебцы тток в корейских обрядах ............................ 222
ЛИМ Э.Х. Национально-культурные особенности организации и проведения
общегосударственного экзамена в Республике Корея ........................................... 229
МЕН Д.В. Роль корейских колхозов Центральной Азии в строительстве
социализма в СССР (1937-1991 гг.)......................................................................... 237
НАУРЫЗБАЕВА М.М. Японская оккупация и коллективная память корейцев 273
ПАК Н.С. Языковая политика на Корейском полуострове .................................. 281
СВИРИДОВА В.А. Бинарные оппозиции в контексте корейской и казахской
обрядовой культуры ................................................................................................. 288
СОН Ж.Г. Проблемы социализации семей корейских революционеров (1920-
1930): к истории вопроса .......................................................................................... 293
УЖКЕНОВ Е.М., КИМ А.С. Опыт продвижения национальной культуры в
современном мире .................................................................................................... 307
ХОН УНХО. Принудительно переселенные корейцы в Казахстане: стахановское
движение .................................................................................................................... 316
ШМАКОВА А.С. Трансформация живописи мунъинхва как художественного
аспекта понятия мунъин в культуре Кореи позднего средневековья .................... 340
ПОЛИТИКА, ЭКОНОМИКА
TOIGANBAYEVA A.E., AKHMETOVA SH.K. Cooperation Perspectives of Korea
and
Central Asia ......................................................................................................... 351
ОСПАНОВ Н.М. Сотрудничество Казахстана и Южной Кореи в ООН по
устранению атомной радиации в Чернобыле и Семипалатинске ......................... 356
ШОТАНОВА Г.А. Внешняя политика Южной Кореи в Центральной Азии ..... 365
<참고> 장호종 . 중앙아시아 인명 지명의 한글 표기 .............................................. 372
<참고> “러시아어 외래어 표기법” .......................................................................... 388
Сведения об авторах ................................................................................................. 393
집필진 ........................................................................................................................ 398
목차 ............................................................................................................................ 402
1
HANGUL AND THE KOREAN MANUAL ALPHABET
Simon Barnes-Sadler
SOAS, University of London, London, UK
제목
:
한글과
한국
수화
필자
:
사이먼
반즈
-
새들러
,
영국
런던대
SOAS
개요
:
본
연구의
목적은
한국
지문자와
한글의
관계를
살펴보는
것이다
.
첫번째로
,
한국
지문자
,
한국
지화와
한국
수화가
어떻게
다른지
설명한
다
.
두번째로
서양과
한국의
수화
언어에
관한
연구를
짧게
요약해서
적
절한
한국
지문자의
분석하는
방법을
찾을
수
있다
.
한국
지문자를
분석
하기
위하여
수형소
,
수동소와
수향소라는
수화
음운론의
개념을
소개한
다
.
한국
지문자의
수화
음운소와
한글
문자의
특성을
비교하기를
통하여
한글의
영향
때문에
한국
지문자의
구조가
유일하다고
주장한다
.
본
연구의
결과의
요약이
다음과
같다
.
한글
자음
중에는
평음
문자와
격음
문자의
변별적
특징이
,
즉획
,
수형을
통해서
반영한다
.
그렇지만
문
자의
특징을
조직적으로
반영하지
않는다
.
반면에
,
평음
문자와
격음
문
자의
변별적
특징이
조직적으로
수동을
통해서
반영한다
.
한글의
모음의
특징은
수형과
수향을
통해서
조직적으로
반영한다
.
주제어
:
지화
,
지문자
,
수화
,
한글
Keywords: Sign language, fingerspelling, manual alphabet, KMA,
Hangul
1. Introduction
1.1 Structure
This paper examines the relationship between the Korean
indigenous writing system, Hangul, and the system used to represent it
in the visual-gestural modality, the Korean Manual Alphabet (KMA).
We discuss the analysis of signs in section 2, before going on in section
3 to describe the KMA in detail. We then briefly describe Hangul as a
featural writing system and examine the regularity with which the
graphical features of Hangul are reflected in the KMA. The remainder
of this introduction is given to the definition of terms.
Transliterations shall be given using the Yale Romanisation and
italicised, except in the cases of conventional spellings or personal
names, the transliterations of which shall use the preferred
transliteration of the person. Where the graphemes of Hangul are
КОРЕЕВЕДЕНИЕ КАЗАХСТАНА выпуск 2(2014)
2
referred to, no transliteration shall be provided and we follow Coulmas
[1] in marking both the graphemes themselves and any individual
graphical features with angled brackets, like so <ㅏ>.
1.2 Korean Sign Language and the Korean Manual Alphabet
Despite the traditional presentation of the Korean Peninsula as
linguistically homogeneous, the reality of the situation is that a diverse
range of languages are used in Korea daily, including Korean Sign
Language (KSL). The Deaf population is disputed, but likely lies
between the government’s official estimate of 180,000 people and the
Korean Association of the Deaf’s unofficial estimate of 300,000 people
[2]. Furthermore, what proportion of this community use KSL regularly
is unknown. This language is thought to be a member of the Japanese
Sign Language family, and consequently to be related to Japanese and
Taiwanese Sign Languages, as a result of its promulgation during the
Japanese occupation of Korea. Its study and spread has been somewhat
controversial over the latter half of the twentieth century [3], however it
has received an increasing amount of attention in recent years.
In many Deaf communities bilingualism with a local Language
of Wider Communication (LWC) is common. This is also the case in
Korea. Since those members of Deaf communities who use regional
LWCs most often deal with them in their written rather than spoken
modality, systems of signs representing written forms of LWCs, known
colloquially as either fingerspelling or manual alphabets, are also
common. In contemporary KSL, any Korean words for which there are
no corresponding signs and which a user may want to incorporate into
their utterances, for example personal names, are signed using the
Korean Manual Alphabet. The contemporary KMA is very closely
based on a system developed in 1947 by a teacher working at the Seoul
School for the Deaf, Yun Baek Won [3].
1.3 Manual Alphabets and Fingerspelling
Manual alphabets may be characterised as adjuncts to particular
sign languages, rather than fully incorporated parts of them, as manual
alphabets represent the written form of spoken languages in a signed
modality. This attitude is exemplified by Choi Sang Bae’s choice to
exclude the KMA from his analysis of KSL handshapes on the grounds
of these signs not being lexemes in their own right [4]. However, it is
not uncommon for fingerspellings to become independent words. In
addition to the process whereby fingerspellings of words originally
Simon Barnes-Sadler, Hangul and the Korean Manual …
3
borrowed from spoken languages may become lexicalised or nativised
[5], in many sign languages fingerspelled words may be used in place
of a lexeme for which a sign already exists for pragmatic reasons and
thus become independent, lexical signs [6].
Manual alphabets may be classified primarily as one-handed or
two-handed manual alphabets, according to the number of hands used
in the production of their signs, and secondarily according to the
method by which the hands are used to encode the graphemes of a
given writing system. Manual alphabets may be further divided into
arthrological and dactylogical systems. For arthrological manual
alphabets, specific areas or features on the hand are assigned the values
of graphemes, whereas dactylogical systems encode graphemes in the
shape, position and movement of the hands [7]. Thus, the KMA may be
described as a one-handed, dactylogical manual alphabet.
Although fingerspelling and manual alphabets are often
conflated, here we make a distinction. We characterise manual
alphabets as collections of static signs corresponding to the graphemes
of a given writing system and fingerspelling as the production of signed
strings representing a signed form of a written form of a spoken form.
In other words, fingerspelling may be considered the usage of manual
alphabets. In the process of fingerspelling, manual alphabets do not
appear as a series of static handshapes, rather as a smooth flow between
handshapes representing one continuous signal. The transition between
handshapes influences their formation and analogies have been drawn
between fingerspelling and the production of spoken language [8]. This
distinction is made here as the subsequent analysis of the KMA
compares the features of each individual grapheme of Hangul with the
features of the iconic form of the corresponding handshape, rather than
any of the variants which arise from the production of one of the signs
in a particular phonological environment.
To summarise, then, the KMA is a dactylogical manual
alphabet, that is to say a system for encoding the graphemes of Hangul
in the visual-gestural modality. It is used as an adjunct to KSL, usually
in the form of fingerspelling; in other words, combinations of KMA
signs are used as a representation of a string of Hangul characters
which represent a phrase of spoken Korean for which there is no sign in
KSL or which the signer makes the pragmatic choice to represent not in
KSL. The focus of this paper is the signs which comprise the KMA
rather than the phenomena which accompany their use in fingerspelling.
We now go on to provide a brief overview of the description of signed
КОРЕЕВЕДЕНИЕ КАЗАХСТАНА выпуск 2(2014)
4
language followed by a more detailed examination of the signs of the
KMA.
2. The Analysis of Signs
Signs were not considered analysable units until the latter part
of the twentieth century [9]. The model which first recognised that
signs were meaningful units composed of meaningless units proposed
by Stokoe, holds that signs are analysable as simultaneously
segmentable units. That is, they may be described as feature complexes,
similar to phonemes – cheremes in Stokoe’s terminology. The key
features of signs used under this model to distinguish minimal pairs
were handshape, location and movement, designated dez, tab and sig,
respectively. Subsequently, other models describing sign language
phonology, suggest that signs mayalso be understood as sequentially
segmentable, like spoken words [10].
Korean scholarship on the analysis of KSL began a little later
than similar scholarship in the west, starting with Kim Sung Kwuk’s
1982 thesis “A Psycholinguistic Study of Korean Sign Language” [11].
This study introduced the concepts of sign language phonology as they
apply to KSL, identifying 29 handshapes, 23 location features, 36
movement features, 20 orientation features and 20 non-manual features
which could be considered distinctive in KSL [12]. Although these
numbers are the subject of much debate (Choi Sang Bae’s 2012
analysis of KSL handshapes identifies 69 that may be considered
distinctive, for example [4]) KSL is still analysed in terms of the five
sorts of features which he identified. It has also been observed that
Kim Sung Kwuk’s paper drew analogies between writing systems and
signed language, using terminology derived from the description of
Chinese characters (
六書
- yukse) in order to create a taxonomy of signs
[11].
In both scholarly traditions, the notation of signs has proven
problematic. For purposes of general readability, we follow the
example of pedagogic works on KSL here, where description of signs
has traditionally been much more impressionistic, relying on text
description rather than phonological notation. One specific piece of
notation we shall make use of here, though, is the assignment of
numbers to the fingers, running from one at the thumb to five at the
little finger of each hand [13]. We use these terms to avoid the
confusion that may arise from the differing finger names found in
national varieties of English. Furthermore, in the following descriptions
Simon Barnes-Sadler, Hangul and the Korean Manual …
5
of signs we shall refer to the joint between the finger and the hand “the
first knuckle” and the next joint along as “the second knuckle”.
As discussed in section 1.2, while manual alphabets are used
alongside sign languages, they are distinct systems. For this reason, we
must ask what approach should be taken to the signs of a manual
alphabet rather than a sign language. It is not necessary to describe all
of the features used to distinguish between the signs of KSL when
describing the KMA. For example, while location is a feature which
may be used to distinguish meaning in KSL this is not the case for the
KMA, which tends to be signed in a signing space just in front of the
speaker’s torso by convention. In addition to this, the presentation of
the hands in isolation from the rest of the signer in pedagogic materials
[13] bears this out and also demonstrates that non-manual signals, such
as facial expression, are not distinctive with regard to the KMA.
We now go on to analyse the signs of the KMA in terms of the
three remaining features, handshape, orientation and movement, all of
which may be considered distinctive between the signs of the KMA.
We shall pay particular attention to the sub-features which make up
each handshape, for example digit extension, in order to demonstrate
that the KMA generally reflects Hangul’s featural principles of design
by systematically encoding the graphical elements which encode the
distinctive features of spoken Korean. This is in stark contrast to other
manual alphabets, which generally enjoy an entirely arbitrary
relationship with the forms of the graphemes of the writing systems
which they represent.
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