ISSN 1811-184X. Вестник ПГУ
серия
ХИМИКО - БИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ. 2014. № 1
12
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They showed that it is based on the elastic instability of the external layer of
the swollen gel that during swelling becomes strongly compressed in the tangential
directions due to connection with unswollen core of gel. A similar explanation
was given by other authors [3-4], which suggested a more rigorous theoretical
description of the phenomenon, including nonlinear effects.
Characteristic swelling kinetics of weakly crosslinked polymer hydrogels is
certain present scientific interest and has great practical significance. Scientific
interest related in particular to the fact that research of the kinetics of swelling
gives an indication of the dynamics of the thermal fluctuations of the polymer
concentration in the gel. The practical importance caused, for example, that the
swelling kinetics can determine the performance of the gel as a moisture absorbent.
Influence of mesh density and size of the sample gel was studied on the
example of hydrogels with strongly dissociating ionic groups, prepared by radiation
crosslinking aqueous solution (c = 4.1 wt.%) аnd vinyl sulfonic acid copolymer
isopropylacrylamide (30 mol.%) аt different doses of γ-radiation (Figure 1).
As can be seen, the degree of swelling (Q) increases rapidly in the initial
stage of swelling and is slowly coming to its equilibrium value at large times. The
characteristic time of swelling increases with decreasing mesh density (radiation
dose) and the increase of sample size.
Figure 1 - Kinetics of swelling of charged gels in water: influence of mesh
density and sample size
The kinetics of swelling of the polyelectrolyte gel depends on the ionic
composition of the solution in which the swelling. This process is shown in the
study of the swelling caused by a stepwise decrease in salt concentration (NaCl)
in the aqueous solution surrounding the gel.
The results of this experiment are presented in Figure 2. Quantitative analysis
of the experimental data was carried out in the framework of the model proposed
by Tanaka [2]. To do this, the degree of swelling and the initial size of the gel
found its current size r (for example, the radius of the cylinder), assuming that all
sample sizes increase with swelling in proportion to each other, and the difference
between the final (equilibrium) and the current size of the gel
r
r
r
−
=
∆
∞
was
plotted on a logarithmic depending on the scale of time.
Figure 2 - The polyelectrolyte hydrogel swelling kinetics in an aqueous
solution of NaCl with stepwise decreasing salt concentration from
3.0 to 0.90 (1) 0.90 to 0.27 (2) 0.27 to 0.08 (3) 0.08 to 0.034 (4)
0.034 to 0.015 and mol / l (5).
In these experiments the characteristic swelling time τ1 is almost independent
of the size of the equilibrium gel r. Found parameter B
1
was used to assess for the
modules G/M. The value of G/M was determined by theoretical dependences B
1
of G/M derived for gels in the form of a sphere [3].
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