Учебно- методическая карта
Но
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аз
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ла
, тем
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Название раздела, темы, занятия; перечень
изучаемых вопросов
Количество аудиторных часов
М
атер
иа
льн
ое
обе
спе
че
ни
е
за
ня
тия
(на
гл
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по
со
би
я,
ТСО
и др
.)
Лит
ер
ату
ра
Ф
ор
м
ы
к
онтр
ол
я
зна
ни
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Лек
ци
и
Пр
ак
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кие
(с
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ин
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ск
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)з
аня
тия
Лаб
ор
ато
рны
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за
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тия
Уп
ра
вл
яе
м
ая
(к
онтр
ол
ир
уе
м
ая
)с
ам
ос
то
ятел
ь
на
я
ра
бо
та сту
де
нта
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
Diplomacy and International Relations.
Diplomatic language. Different styles. French
and English as languages of diplomacy.
2
2
1, 3,
1a
1, 3
3
The peculiarities of diplomatic English (lexical,
syntactical, stylistic)
2
2
4
4
5
Diplomatic documents.
Diplomatic communications between states.
2
2
1
2
Устный
опрос
6
Revision test.
2
Письм.
тест
7
8
Verbal and Personal Notes.
Circular and Speaking Notes.
2
2
1, 2,
4
1, 2
9
10
Aide-Memoire.
Memorandum.
2
2
1, 4
1, 4,
2
11
12
Interoffice Memorandum.
Letters of Credence.
2
2
2
1, 2,
4
Устный
опрос
13
14.
Letters of Recall.
Revision test.
2
2
1, 2,
4
Письм.
тест
15
16
Relatively new types of diplomatic documents.
Statements.
Declarations and Resolutions.
2
2
4, 2
2, 4
17
18
Communiques and Joint communiqués.
Speeches.
2
2
1, 2
4
19
Writing letters in English.
2
1, 5,
6
Письм.
Тест
20
United Nations communications (formal and
informal letters).
2
2
21
Official letters and private letters of semi-official
character.
2
2
1, 5,
6
22
Covering letters, covering notes and telegrams.
2
1, 5,
6
23
Telegrams, telexes, faxes.
2
1, 5,
6
24
Office correspondence.
2
1, 5,
6
Устный
опрос
6
Основная и дополнительная литература
№№
п-п
Список литературы
Год издания
Основная
1.
Муратов Э.Н.
Дипломатические документы и дипломатическая переписка: учебное пособие
для ВУЗов. – М.: Астрель; АСТ. – 219 с.
2005 г.
2.
Борисенко И.И., Евтушенко Л.И.
Английский язык в международных документах (право, торговля, дипломатия):
Учебное пособие. – К.: ООО «ИП Логос». – 480 с.
2003 г.
3.
Кубъяс Л.Н., Кудачкина И.В.
Английский для специалистов-международников. Учебное пособие. – М.: АСТ:
Восток-Запад. – 576 с.
2006 г.
4.
Билан В.Н.
Деловая и дипломатическая переписка. Учебно-методическое пособие. – Мн.:
БГУ – 102 с.
1999 г.
5.
Васильева Л. Деловая переписка на английском языке. – М.: Рольф, Айрис-
пресс. – 352 с.
1998 г.
6.
Слепович В.С. Деловой английский. Business communication. – Мн.:
ТетраСистемс. – 256 с.
2001 г.
Дополнительная
1 а.
Graham Evans, Jeffrey Newnham
The Penguin Dictionary of International Relations. Penguin Book, 623 p.
1998
2a.
Andrew Littlejohn. Company to company.
A new approach to business correspondence in English. Cambridge University Press.
- 120 p.
1993
7
II. Основные темы практических занятий.
Topic I. Diplomatic language.
Topic II. The Linguistic peculiarities of diplomatic English.
Topic III. Diplomatic documents.
Topic IV. Verbal, Personal and Circular Notes.
Topic V. Communiques, aides-memoire, Speaking Notes.
Topic VI. Letters of Credence and Recall.
Topic VII. Memoranda.
Topic VIII. Relatively New forms of Diplomatic Documents.
Topic IX. Official and Semi-official letters.
TOPIC I. DIPLOMATIC LANGUAGE
Тhе expression "diplomatic language" is used to denote three different things. In its first sense
it signifies the actual language (whether it bе Latin, French, оr English) which is employed bу
diplomatists in their converse оr correspondence with еасh other. In its second sense it means those
technical phrases which, in the course of centuries, have bесоmе part of ordinary diplomatic
vocabulary. And in its third, and most соmmоп, sense it is used to describe that guarded under-
statement which enables diplomatists and ministers to say sharp things to each other without becoming
provocative or impolite.
"Diplomacy," as it was оnсе said, "is the application of intelligence and tact to the conduct of
official relations between the governments of independent states." The need of intelligence is self-
evident, but the equally vital need of tact is often disregarded. It is this latter need which has led
diplomatists to adopt а paper currency of conventionalized phrases in place of the hard coins of
ordinary human converse. These phrases, affable though they mау appear, possess а known currency
value.
Thus, if а statesman or а diplomatist informs another government that his own government
"cannot remain indifferent to" some international controversy, he is clearly understood to imply that
the соntroversy is оnе in which his government will certainly intervene. If in his communication or
speech he uses some such phrases as "His Majesty's Government view with соnсеrn" or "view with
grave соnсеrn" then it is evident to аll that the matter is оnе in which the British Government intend to
adopt а strong line. Ву cautious gradations such as these а statesman is enabled, without using
threatening language, to соnvеy а serious warning to а foreign government. If these warnings pass
unheeded he саn raise his voice while still remaining courteous and conciliatory. If he says, "In such
аn event Нis Majesty's Government would feel bound carefully to reconsider their position," he is
implying that friendship is about to turn into hostility.
If he warns а foreign government that certain action оn their part will bе regarded "as аn
unfriendly act," that government will interpret his words as implying а threat of war. If he says that
"he must decline to bе responsible for the consequences," it means that he is about to provoke аn
incident which will lead to war. And if he demands, еvеn in terms of exquisite politeness, а reply
before "six o'clock оn the evening of the 25th," then his communication is rightly regarded as аn
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ultimatum.
The advantage of this conversational form of communication is that it maintains аn atmosphere of
calm, while enabling statesmen to соnvеy serious warnings to each other which will not bе misunder-
stood. The disadvantage is that the public and sometimes еуen the statesmen themselves, are not
acquainted with the actual value, in diplomatic currency, of the expressions used. Оn the оnе hand, аn
ignorant or incautious use of оnе of these phrases mау give to а given situation а gravity which it does
not possess. Оn the other hand, when а really serious crisis arises, the public is apt to assume from the
mildness of the language used that the crisis cannot bе as grave as "the alarmists" had given them to
suppose.
In extreme cases, moreover, the habit of diplomatic ambiguity, or of diplomatic understatement,
leads to actual misunderstanding. I remember before the war reading а despatch from some Consul-
General in which hе informed the Foreign Оffiсе that оnе of the Vice-Consuls under his charge "does
not, I much regret to report, take that care of his health which his medical advisers would
recommend." Тhе poor man was, in fact, in the last stages of delirium tremens.
Such exaggeration of the practice is not соmmon, and in аll important international controversies
these paper-currency phrases are most carefully scrutinized before they are used. It may bе said that
the advantages of phrasing communications between governments, or important pronouncements оn
foreign affairs, in "diplomatic language," far outweigh аny disadvantages which the system may
possess.
TOPIC II. THE LINGUISTIC PECULIARITIES
OF DIPLOMATIC ENGLISH
Diplomatic documents which are called “instruments” in diplomatic parlance, are varied -
treaties, conventions, agreements, acts, pacts, charters, statutes, protocols, declarations, notes. Each
type of documents has its own aim and structure. Basically, instruments establish, or purport to
establish, binding legal rights, obligations and relationships between the participating entities (states or
governments).
;
In other words, instruments are legal documents governed by international law.
Instruments may be bilateral, plurilateral (a limited number of parties) and multilateral.
Diplomatic language is subject to certain general rules determined by international usage and
convention. .Chancellery protocol, the object of which is to give the recipients of correspondence the
marks of distinction which are due them, at the same time respects the relative rank between the sender
and addressee. It is established in such a manner as to place the relations between states and their
representatives on a basis of equality, respect and reciprocal consideration. It is the duty of
representatives to exercise the greatest care in observing these rules.
Like any specialized sphere of communication, diplomacy has its own stock of special terms,
cliches, specific syntactical patterns and other linguistic peculiarities.
The general vocabulary of diplomatic English consists almost exclusively of supraneutral,
bookish and learned words; the wording of documents is as remote and impersonal as possible.
Following are some words of the general vocabulary that are used to dress up simple statements and
give an air of scientific impartiality to biased judgements: phenomenon, element, objective, categorical,
effective, virtual, basic, primary, promote, constitute, exhibit, exploit, utilize, eliminate, liquidate, communications,
appropriate, available, submit, recommendations, principles, objectives, subparagraphs, authentic, in accordance
with, jurisdiction, proclaim, manifestation, eliminate, doctrine, condemnable, repugnant, adoption of practical
measures, entail as a consequence, in compliance with the fundamental obligations, with a view to promoting
understanding, etc.
Diplomatic terminology includes terms proper and words used in the sphere of
international law in some special meaning. Here are a few examples of diplomatic
vocabulary stock.
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♦
accession: formal acceptance of a treaty, international convention, or other agreement
between the states;
♦
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary: a diplomatic agent who is the
personal representative of the head of one state accredited to the head of another state;
♦
Appointed Ambassador: a diplomatic agent who has been designated by the Head of
State as his personal representative, approved by the foreign Head of State to whom he will
be accredited and who has taken his oath of office;
♦
article: a clause, item, point or particular in a treaty;
♦
chancery: a term used to designate the office of an Embassy or Legation;
♦
charge d’affaires (de missi): accredited by letter to the Secretary of State or Minister
for Foreign Affairs of one country by the Secretary of State or Minister for Foreign Affairs
of another country in lien of a duly accredited Ambassador or Minister;
:
♦
charge d’affaires ad interim: usually the counselor or secretary of an Embassy or
Legation, who automatically assumes charge of a Diplomatic Mission in the temporary
absence of an Ambassador or Minister. The words “ad interim” should not be omitted from
this title except in a salutation;
♦
charge des affaires: a person in custody of the archives and other property of a
Mission in a country with which no formal diplomatic relations are maintained;
♦
clause: a distinct provision of a treaty;
♦
compromis: a formal document, executed in common by nations submitting a dispute
to arbitration, that defines the matter at issue, the rules of procedure and the powers of the
arbitral tribunal, and the principles to be followed in determining the award;
♦
diplomatic agent: a general term denoting a person who carries on regular diplomatic
relations of the state he represents in the country to which he has been appointed; an agent
representing a sovereign or state for some special purpose;
♦
diplomatic corps: the collective heads of foreign Diplomatic Missions and their staffs
within the capital of any country;
♦
dual accreditation: a person wearing two hats; e.g., a Consul in New York who is also
a member of the United Nations Mission;
♦
envoy: a diplomatic agent. A special envoy is one designated for a particular purpose,
such as the conduct of special negotiations and attendance at coronations, inaugurations, and
other state ceremonies to which special importance is attached. The designation is always of
a temporary character;
♦
envoy extraordinary: a diplomatic agent;
♦
envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary: a diplomatic agent accredited to a
government;
♦
exequaturs: documents that are issued to consuls by the governments to which they
are sent, permitting them to carry on their duties;
♦
great seal: the seal of the United States; affixed only under authorization of the
President to state papers signed by him;
♦
immunity: exemption of foreign diplomatic agents or representatives from local
jurisdiction;
♦
iron curtain: a political, military, and ideological barrier that cuts off and isolates an
area, preventing free communication and contact with different - oriented areas;
♦
mission: a general term for a commission, delegation, embassy, or legation;
♦
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