10. Retell the dialogue using the following phrases.
- As I understand from the dialogue …
- According to the dialogue …
- As it is described in the dialogue …
- According to the information from the dialogue …
11. Name the sights of London.
1. It is a part of London. It is commercial and business centre. The Stock
Exchange, the Bank of England are there.
2. It is a historic building. It was built in the 11th century. It was used as a
fortress, a royal residence and a prison.
3. It is the centre of government.
4. It is the place where all the coronations of the British monarchs take
place.
5. It is the official residence of the Queen.
6. It is the richest and the most beautiful part of London. It is the symbol of
wealth and luxury.
7. It is an art gallery in which you can find many old masters.
8. It contains a priceless collection of ancient manuscripts, coins, sculptures.
It is famous for its library – one of the richest in the world.
9. It is the main shopping area in London.
10. It is an industrial district of London.
46
11. It is the residence of Prime Minister.
12. Speak about London
Work in pairs or in groups. Imagine you are going to visit Great Britain. Try
to get information about this country. Your group mate will play the role of an
English. Ask her/him all the questions. Here is the list of possible options.
- London, the capital and the heart of Great Britain;
- a part of London he/she likes most of all ;
- London’s places of interest.
- the most important industrial cities.
47
GRAMMAR
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Времена группы Continuous
Continuous /
Progressive
be + глагол + Ing
(длительное)
Действие, которое
происходит сейчас
Действие, которое
происходит в указанный
момент в прошлом (как
правило, выраженный
другим действием в
форме Simple Past)
Действие, которое
будет происходить
через некоторое время
в будущем, в какой
либо указанный момент
Формула
am/is/are + Ving
was/were + Ving
will/shall + be + Ving
+
I
He
She
We
You
They
am
is
are
cooking
writing
I
He
She
We
You
They
was
were
cooking
writing
I
He
She
We
You
They
will / shall not
will not
be cooking
be writing
?
I
He
She
We
You
They
Am
Is
Are
cooking?
writing?
I
He
She
We
You
They
Was
Were
cooking?
writing?
He
She
You
They
Will / Shall
Will
be cooking?
be writing?
I
We
-
I
He
She
We
You
They
am not
is not
are not
cooking
writing
I
He
She
We
You
They
was not
were not
cooking
writing
I
We
He
She
You
They
will / Shall not
will not
be cooking
be writing
Упражнение 1. Употребите am/is/are:
1. What ... Tom doing now? He ... reading in the library. 2. Sorry, I ... very
busy now. I ... writing a report. 3. The boys ... playing volleyball at the stadium. 4.
They ... watching TV. It ... an interesting film. 5. What ... you doing, Mary? I ...
listening to the new song. It ... so nice. 6. What language ... they speaking? I don't
understand them. They ... speaking Spanish. 7. Where ... you, Bill? I ... in the sit-
ting-room. I ... reading here. 8. Where ... Ben from? He ... from the USA. 9. Look,
he ... driving a car very well. 10. Listen, somebody ... singing in the hall.
48
Упражнение 2. Употребите Present Simple или Present Continuous.
1. Excuse me, you (speak) English? – Yes, a little. 2. What ... she (do)? –
She is a teacher. 3. Sorry, I am very busy. I (to have) a lesson. 4. We ... three Eng-
lish lessons a week. 5. He usually (come) home at 3. 6. He is a good tennis player.
But he ... (play) very often. 7. Where they (play)? – They ... at the stadium. 8. He
often (clean) windows? – Yes, he often (help) his mother. 9. Why you (speak) so
loudly? You ... at a lesson. 10. The sun (rise) in the East.
Упражнение 3. Поставьте вопросы к подлежащему.
Образец: We discuss many problems in class. – Who discusses many prob-
lems in class?
1. I live in Volgograd. 2. I am teaching English. 3. Roger is sitting opposite
me. 4. We have breakfast at 7. 5. The teacher has a book in his hand. 6. They have
a dog. 7. You are not a student. 8. She usually goes to school at 8. 9. We always go
to school on foot. 10. Harry likes to draw animals.
Упражнение 4. Поставьте глагол в форму Present Continuous, Past
Continuous или Future Continuous.
to shine
1. The sun … yesterday morning.
2. The sun … brightly now.
3. Tomorrow the sun … all day long.
to write
4. I … a postcard at the moment.
5. I … a postcard when you phoned.
6. I … a lot of Christmas cards tomorrow evening.
to sit
7. We … in the garden at 3 o’clock yesterday afternoon.
8. This time tomorrow we … in the garden.
9. We … in the garden now.
Упражнение 5. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в форме Present
Continuous, Past Continuous или Future Continuous.
1. I … (study) Japanese online from 5 till 6 tomorrow evening.
2. Listen! Why the dogs … (bark)?
3. She … (wear) a yellow coat when I saw her.
4. They … (take) their driving test next Monday.
5. I dropped my wallet when I … (get) on the bus.
6. What you … (do) in my office yesterday?
7. Bob … (feel) much better today.
49
8. The kids … (watch) cartoons in their room now.
9. I’m afraid she … (sleep) in ten minutes.
10. We … (have) tea soon?
Упражнение 6. Преобразуйте утвердительные предложения в от-
рицательные, обращая внимание на форму глагола-сказуемого.
1. We are enjoying the party.
2. He’ll be playing chess in an hour.
3. They were planting flowers in the garden last May.
4. I am looking for a job.
5. The phone was working yesterday.
Упражнение 7. Поставьте глаголы в Present Simple или Present Con-
tinuous.
1. What you (to do) now? You (to play) football?
2. Olga (not to walk) around on rainy days.
3. My mother and my brother never (to watch) the race.
4. Why Helen (to read) these leaflets?
5. She (not to do) her homework she (to watch) TV.
Упражнение 8. Откройте скобки, используя правильную форму гла-
гола.
1) Hurry! The bus (come).I (not want) to miss it.
2) The river Nile (flow) into the Mediterranean.
3) The river (flow) very fast today – much faster than usual.
4) (it ever snow) in India?
5) We usually (grow) vegetables in our garden but this year we (not grow)
any.
6) You can borrow my umbrella. I (not need) it at the moment.
7) George says he’s 80 years old but I (not believe) him.
Упражнение 9. Найдите и исправьте ошибки.
1. He live in Oxford.
2. She sometimes eat in a restaurant.
3. Michael is married not.
4. Rita have a new car.
5. On Fridays I going to the cinema.
6. She not like cooking very much.
7. Is she live in Liverpool?
8. What you have for breakfast?
9. Does she gets up early?
10. Why do the baby crying?
50
Упражнение 10. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Sim-
ple или Past Continuous.
1. I (to play) computer games yesterday. 2. I (to play) computer games at 5
o'clock yesterday. 3. He (to play) computer games from 2 till 3 yesterday. 4. We
(to play) computer games the whole evening yesterday. 5. What Nick (to do) when
you came to his place? 6. What you (to do) when I rang you up? 7. I (not to sleep)
at 9 o'clock yesterday. 8. What he (to do) yesterday? He (to read) a book. 9. What
he (to do) the whole evening yesterday? He (to read) a book. 10. She (to sleep)
when you came home?
Упражнение 11. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в форме
Past Simple или Past Continuous.
1. Why you (to be) angry with me yesterday? – I (not to be).
2. Where you (to be) last night? – We (to be) at the theatre.
3. When I (to come) to the bus stop, I (to see) a boy who (to play) with a
dog.
4. It (to be) eleven o'clock, when I (to decide) to go to bed.
5. What time they (to have) dinner yesterday? – They (to have) dinner from
seven till eight.
6. When she (to see) him a year ago she (not to recognize) him.
7. I (to be) very busy yesterday. I (to prepare) for my exam the whole day.
8. My brother (to wash) the dishes while I (to sweep) the floor.
9. Why you (not to see) a doctor yesterday?
10. It (to rain) heavily when he (to go) out.
Упражнение 12. Заполните пропуски глаголами, открыв скобки в
Future Continuous.
This time next Monday, I _______ in a huge office in New York. (work)
This time on Tuesday, Mary ___________ on a beach in Italy. (sunbathe) Don’t
make noise after midnight – I ________ soundly, I hope. (sleep) Jackeline
_______ to Kenya tomorrow at this time. (fly) Students _______ copies while he
_________the report. (make/ finish) I_______ in my study library at 6pm tomor-
row. (work). This time next year we ________ the Pacific Ocean. (cross) I
_________ the dinner table while my mother__________ the meat. (lay / prepare)
You’ll recognize Molly! She _________ a pink hat. (wear) From 7 till 12 I
__________ classes. (have) ________you ______ your bike this evening? (use)
My auntie and uncle __________ with us this weekend. (stay) I ________ televi-
sion from ten pm to midnight. (to watch) This time on Friday I ______ on the
beach. (to lie) What ______you _______ tomorrow evening? (to do) _______you
__________ late tomorrow night? (to work) Don’t ring Greg up at 10am.
He_______ his music lesson. (have) The boys of our team ________ football to-
morrow morning. (play) It ________ probably __________ when we arrive in
Kongo. (rain) It is mid-autumn, the leaves ___________ soon. (fall)
51
UNIT 4
THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF GREAT BRITAIN
Great Britain is a parliamentary monarchy. It means that there is a Queen (or
King) and the Parliament. The Queen has almost no power in the country. Her
powers are limited by the Parliament. Laws are made by the Parliament. The
Queen is only a formal ruler: she reigns but does not rule. In fact everything that
she does is done on the active of her ministers, who are responsible for the royal
acts. Thus, most of her functions are symbolic. The United Kingdom is governed
by the Government in the name of the Queen. But the Queen has all information,
has the right to encourage and the right to warn. The Queen's residence in London
is Buckingham Palace. Besides, she has some homes in England and Scotland.
The British Parliament consists of two cambers: the House оf Lords and the
House of Commons. There are more than 1000 members in the House of Lords.
Many seats are hereditary. The House of Commons has 635 members. They are
elected by a general election (secret ballot). Any member may introduce a Bill and
ask permission to bring it to the House for the first reading. After the third time
reading the Bill goes to the House of Lords. If the Lords agree to a Bill, it will be
placed before the Queen for signature. Then it becomes a law. The government is
headed by the Prime Minister, who is the leader of the party that has won the elec-
tion. In Great Britain there are three main political parties: the Conservatives, the
Labour Party and the Liberals.
Vocabulary:
have power – иметь власть
to make laws – издавать законы
rule – руководить, управлять
reign – царствовать, править
government – правительство, управление
encourage – поддерживать, одобрять
to warn – предостерегать
chamber – палата
the House of Commons – Палата Общин
the House of Lords – Палата Лордов
hereditary – передаваемый по наследству
to elect – избирать
bill – законопроект
52
1. Answer the following questions.
1.
What does a parliamentary monarchy mean?
2.
What is the function of the Queen?
3.
What rights does the Queen have?
4.
What is the Queen’s residence in London?
5.
What chambers does the Parliament consist of?
6.
How does a bill become a law?
7.
Who is the head of the Government?
8.
What are the main political parties in Britain?
2. Fill in the table using the information from the text
The Political body
The Roles of the political body
3. Read the following texts.
PARLIAMENT
Parliament, Britain's legislature, comprises the House of Commons, the
House of Lords and the Queen in her constitutional role. The House of Commons
has 659 elected Members of Parliament (MPs), each representing a local constitu-
ency
The House of Lords is made up of 1,185 hereditary and life peers and peer-
esses (Lords Temporal); the two archbishops (of Canterbury and York) and 24
most senior bishops of the Church of England (Lords Spiritual)
The centre of parliamentary power is the House of Commons. The chief of-
ficer of the House of Commons is the Speaker, who is elected by the MPs to pre-
side over the House.
Main functions of Parliament are:
• To pass laws regulating the life of the community,
• To make available finance for the needs of the community (taxation), to
appropriate the funds necessary for the services of the state (supply);
• Criticism and control of the government in office
Public Bills can be introduced by any member of either House (with the ex-
ception of Bills concerning money). A Bill must undergo six stages before it be-
comes a law:
First Reading, an introduction of a Bill in its printed form;
Second reading, a debate on its general merits or principles followed by a
vote.
Committee Stage, examination clause by clause, amendments made must not
go against the principles of the second reading.
53
Report Stage, during it previous amendments may be altered and additional
amendments may be suggested and incorporated.
Third Reading, the Bill is to be reviewed in its final form. The Bill is sent to
the House of Lords for the same procedure
Royal Assent, once passed through both Houses the Bill receives Royal As-
sent (the Queen gives her assent) and it then becomes law and is called the Act of
Parliament.
POLITICAL PARTY SYSTEM
The political party system is an essential element in the working of the con-
stitution. Although the parties are not registered or formally recognised in law, in
practice most candidates in elections, and almost all winning candidates belong to
one of the main parties. A number of smaller parties are also represented in Par-
liament.
Major Political Parties
C Conservative Party.One of the two largest political parties of Brit-
ain and the major right-wing party.
Lab Labour Party. It was founded by the Trades Union Congress in
1900. It claims to represent the interests of the working class (i.e. Labour) as
against the interests of the employers.
LD Liberal Democrats. Till 1987 there had been the Alliance of the
SDP and Liberal party. In March 1988 those two parties merged into one and
formed the Social and Liberal Democratic party. In 1989 Social Democrats decid-
ed to regain as a political party.
SNP Scottish National Party. Scotland's largest nationalist party, ad-
vocating the separation of Scotland from the United Kingdom in order to safeguard
the country's cultural and economic life. The party was founded in 1928.
PC Plaid Cymru. A Welsh nationalist party founded in 1925 and cam-
paigning for the separation of Wales from the UK in order to preserve the country's
culture, language and economic life [Welsh for party of Wales].
UUP Ulster Unionist Party. A political party, which has been active
in Northern Ireland for many years. Most of its supporters are Protestants who
wish Ulster to remain part of the UK. The Party has regularly been represented
among the Northern Ireland MPs in the House of Commons.
SF Sinn Fein. The Irish republican movement, which campaigned for
the economic and political separation of Ireland from Great Britain. Today it is the
political wing of the Provisional IRA, and wants Northern Ireland to become part
of the Republic of Ireland, by using force if necessary .
4. Complete the following sentences.
1. Parliament, Britain's legislature, comprises …
2. The centre of parliamentary power is …
54
3. The chief officer of the House of Commons is …
4. Main function of Parliament is to pass laws regulating the life ….
5. Main function of Parliament is to make available finance for the needs of
… , to appropriate the funds necessary for the services of the …
5. Combine the parties with their features and functions.
a)Conservative Party
1) The Party has regularly been repre-
sented among the Northern Ireland MPs
in the House of Commons.
b)Labour Party.
2) It claims to represent the interests of
the working class (i.e. Labour) as
against the interests of the employers.
c)Liberal Democrats
3)Scotland's largest nationalist party,
advocating the separation of Scotland
from the United Kingdom in order to
safeguard the country's cultural and
economic life
d)Scottish National Party
4) A Welsh nationalist party founded in
1925
e)Plaid Cymru
5) In 1989 Social Democrats decided to
regain as a political party.
f)Ulster Unionist Party
6) The Irish republican movement,
which campaigned for the economic and
political separation of Ireland from
Great Britain.
g)Sinn Fein
7) One of the two largest political par-
ties of Britain and the major right-wing
party.
55
GRAMMAR
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Времена группы Simple
Основные характеристики времен группы Simple
Simple / Indefinite
(простое)
Констатация факта (Что
делает?) Действие,
повторяющееся
регулярно, обычное
Факт происхождения
действия в прошлом
Действие, которое
должно произойти в
будущем
Формула
V (+s)
V2
will/shall + V
+
сook?
write?
I
He
She
We
You
They
cooked
wrote
I
We
You
He
She
They
will / shall
will
cook
write
?
I
You
We
They
He
She
Do
Does
cook?
write?
I
He
She
We
You
They
Did
He
She
You
They
Will / Shall
Will
I
We
-
I
You
We
They
He
She
do not
does not
cook
write
I
You
He
She
We
They
did not
cook
write
I
We
You
He
She
They
will / shall not
will not
cook
write
Время
Present (настоящее)
Past (прошедшее)
Future (будущее)
сooks
writes
I
You
We
They
He
She
cook?
write?
w
The Present Simple служит для констатации факта совершения дей-
ствия, часто происходящего постоянно. Оно употребляется также для обо-
значения действия, присущего лицу или предмету, обозначенному подлежа-
щим. Очень часто в составе предложения с этим-временем используются
56
наречия времени: today – сегодня, every day – каждый день, every morning –
каждое утро, usually – обычно, always – всегда, often – часто, seldom – редко,
sometimes – иногда и др.Cочетания типа everyday, everymorning ставятся
обычно в конце предложения. Наречия usually, often, seldom, always,
sometimes и т. д. ставятся перед смысловым глаголом. Однако эти же наречия
ставятся после форм глагола to be в повествовательном предложении. А
наречие sometimes может стоять и в самом начале предложения.
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