Известия казумоимя имени Абылай хана серия «филолог…»
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| gözden düşmek (lit. to fall from eyes) to fall into disfavour, to fall from favour; göz
boyamak (lit. to paint eyes) to hoodwink. The Turkish equivalent göz açıp kapayıncaya kadar (lit. in the twinkling of an eye) ‗very quickly, in a short time‘ to the English idiom ‗blink of an eye‘ also reveals the notion of losing sight of someone/ something but taking again the situation under control. Göz ‗eyes‘ and kulak ‗ears‘ sometimes come together in the idiom structure to intensify the importance of the situation: göz kulak olmak (lit. to be eyes and ears) to look after, to take care of, to keep an eye on, to watch over. Kulak the ear refers to three image-schemata - CONTAINER, OBJECT and SUBJECT: e.g., kulağına küpe olmak (lit. be an earing in the ear) be aware of lessons learnt from experience (SUBJECT); kulağı delik (lit. there is hole in the ear) alert, very quick in hearing news; kulağını açmak (lit. to open one‘s ears) to listen carefully; kulağına kar suyu kaзmak (lit. melted snow ran into the ears) to feel uneasy, to become suspicious about something (CONTAINER); kulak kabartmak (lit. to get the ears swollen) to prick up one‘s ears; kulak kesilmek (lit. have ears cut off ) ‗all ears‘ (OBJECT). Baş head is related to the image-schema of Baş as an OBJECT: başını alıp gitmek (lit. to take the head and leave) to leave without being aware of where to go; başını belaya/ derde sokmak (lit. to put the head in trouble) to get into trouble; and Baş as a CONTAINER: başının etini yemek (lit. to eat meat of the head) to nag at someone, to keep on at someone; başından aşağı kaynar sular dökülmek (lit. boiling water spilled from the head down) to get upset, to shiver/ get sweat of some bad event. Baş head in the Turkish language is also a SUBJECT: baş başa kalmak (lit. the head remains with the head) to remain in private / tete-a-tete; baş başa vermek (lit. the head gives to the head) to put their heads together. Kafa head is conceptualized in Turkish idioms as KAFA FOR MENTAL FACULTY, for example, kafası işlemek/ çalışmak to have a quick mind, kafasına koymak to make up one‘s mind, kafa patlatmak to think hard. Though, there is a difference in concepts between English Head and Turkish Baş; if in English it refers to HEAD FOR MENTAL FACULTY, in Turkish it is more associated with success – BAŞ IS HIGH STATUS, HIGH STATUS IS UP: başa çıkmak (lit. to ascend the head) to succeed; başı dik gezmek (lit. the head walks about straight) to hold a respected position in the society; başa çıkarmak (lit. to bring to the head) to indulge someone. Yьrek the heart is traditionally considered to be a place where emotions are accumulated, and it has image-schemata of a CONTAINER, an OBJECT and a SUBJECT. Yьrek the heart is conceptualized as HEART FOR PERSON‘S FEELINGS, PERSON AS A WHOLE and OBJECT OF VALUE. The heart is vulnerable to feelings of fear and pain caused by negative events: yüreği (içi) parçalanmak (Iit. the heart broke into pieces) to rend the heart; yüreğine inmek (Iit. to get on the heart) to be struck with great fear; yüreği cız etmek (lit. the heart produces noise) to be moved with great compassion, to be deeply affected; yüreğine (içine) dert olmak (lit. the pain gets into the heart) to be a thorn on one‘s flesh, to rankle; yüreği yanmak (the heart gets on fire) to feel pain, to get hurt. As PERSON AS A АБЫЛАЙ ХАН атындағы ҚазХҚжӘТУ ХАБАРШЫСЫ «ФИЛОЛОГИЯ ҒЫЛЫМДАРЫ» сериясы 30 WHOLE the heart obtains density characteristics - the harder, the colder it is: yüreği pek (the heart is firm, strong) brave, courageous; yüreği katı (Iit. the heart is solid/ hard) to be merciless/ pitiless. Yьrek as an OBJECT OF VALUE may be a soft and a solid one, it can be amorphous and flexible, and it is subject to modifications and transformations: yüreği ağzına gelmek (lit. the heart came up to the mouth) to jump out of one‘s skin, to get frightened; yüreği ezilmek (lit. the heart is crushed/ squashed) to feel sudden hunger; yüreğine su serpilmek (lit. the water fell as if sprinkled on the heart) to relieve, to rend the heart. The notion of ‗Up‘ as good is observed in Turkish idioms with yürek component; also the color of kara black is associated with notion of ‗bad‘: yüreği kalkmak (lit. the heart got up/ rose) to get excited; yüreği kararmak (lit. the heart darkened) to suffer annoyance, to have troubles, to have great difficulty in something. Ayak foot/ leg is related to the metonymy LEG/ FOOT FOR ABILITY TO WALK and to metaphor WALKING FORWARD IS PROGRESS; and everything that interferes with walking hinders the way to progress: ayağı düze basmak (lit. to stand straight on legs) to succeed, to overcome difficulties; ayağına (ayaklarına) kara su inmek (lit. black water got on the feet) to be kept waiting for a long time; ayağını kesmek (lit. to cut off legs) to stop frequenting a place. The notions of ‗Up‘ as good, successful and ‗Down‘ as bad, unsuccessful are applied in Turkish idioms with Ayak component: ayak altında kalmak (lit. to remain under foot) to be trodden under foot; ayağa kalkmak (lit. to rise to one‘s feet) to recover and get out of bed. Feet/ legs and hands are important instruments for humans‘ survival, and they are means to succeed in life – to execute some work in order to achieve a result. Rather often those parts of body appear to be components of the same idioms: eli ayağı tutmak (lit. to hold hands and legs) to be in good health, to be well and sturdy; el ayak зekilmek (lit. hands and legs are pulled/ drawn back) to give up, to withdraw from. The concept of HOLDING IS CONTROLLING and CONTROL IS PHYSICAL GRASP is shared by both English and Turkish idioms with the component of el hand. An achievement of the result or success much depends on the manner and speed the limbs perform their functions; if they are quick the result is achievable, if not – it takes much more time to get it: el çabukluğu (lit. quickness of the hands) dexterity, sleight of hands; ayağına зabuk (lit. quick in legs) agile, nimble, quick; eli ağır (lit. hands are hard) slow-working, slow. Hands are movable and flexible means, they possess different characteristics: eli açık (lit. hands are open) generous, bounteous; eli bayraklı/ maşalı (lit. hands are flags/ tongs) quarrelsome; eli sıkı (lit. hands are tight) tight-fisted, penny-pinching, unwilling to spend money; eli uzun (lit. hands are long) a thief. Besides, hands perform various actions, they are multifunctional: el sьrmemek (lit. not to lay one‘s hands to) to be reluctant to do something, not even start doing something; el uzatmak (lit. to extend hands) to help; el koymak (lit. to put hands) to lay hands on, to seize, to confiscate. The importance of hands is emphasized by the following idioms: elinden tutmak (lit. to hold by hand) to befriend, to help - analogous to English ‗give me a hand; el ьstьnde tutmak/ tutulmak (lit. to hold/ to be held on the hand) to treat/ to be treated with honor, to cherish, to treasure. ИЗВЕСТИЯ КазУМОиМЯ имени АБЫЛАЙ ХАНА серия «ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ» 31 Table 1 - Comparative analysis of concepts in English and Turkish English Turkish жүктеу/скачать 3,43 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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