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Modal Meaning and Usage 
In statements: 
favourably or unfavourably impressed, self-satisfied, 
challenging, disclaiming responsibility, mocking, ironical. 
In special questions: 
quizzical, challenging or disclaiming responsibility, 
impatient and sometimes antagonistic. 
In general questions: 
impressed, quizzical, mocking, challenging, disclaiming 
responsibility, sometimes impatient and antagonistic. 
In exclamations: 
impressed, sometimes with a hint of accusation or irony. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


13 
II. ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЙ РАЗДЕЛ 
 
2.1 УПРАЖНЕНИЯ ПО АНГЛИЙСКОЙ ИНТОНАЦИИ 
ENGLISH INTONATION DRILLS 
In the system of ten tone-groups elaborated by J.D O’Connor and G. Arnold (1973) for teaching 
intonation of conversational English to foreigners pitch patterns are structured according to the 
following principles: 
 nuclear tone termination; 
 pitch level of the head (prenuclear part of pitch contour); 
 pitch level and pitch intervals of nuclear tones 
 nuclear tone configuration: simple tones, complex tones, a compound tone. 
 
 
1. The Low Drop 
 
Attitude 
 
In STATEMENTS: 
with no head, detached, cool, dispassionate, reserved, dull, 
possibly grim or surly; with a high head, categoric, weighty, 
judicial, considered. 
In WH-QUESTIONS: 
with no head, detached, flat, unsympathetic, even hostile; with a 
high head, searching, serious, intense, urgent. 
In YES-NO QUESTIONS: 
with no head (in tags used as independent comments), 
uninterested, hostile; with a high head, serious, urgent. 
In COMMANDS: 
with no head, unemotional, calm, controlled, cold; with a high 
head, very serious, very strong. 
In INTERJECTIONS: 
with no head, calm, unsurprised, reserved, self-possessed; with a 
high head, very strong. 


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