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Contour 2. High/Stepping Head + High/Mid Wide Fall
This pattern has largely the same meaning with or without a head. At the same time there is
often some difference in meaning depending on the type of head – High or Stepping, because in the
former case the pitch-level of the prenuclear stresses and the initial level of the nucleus are the same
height while in the latter case the nucleus starts on a higher pitch than the last prenuclear stress, thus
forming a pitch contrast with it.
Modal Meaning and Usage
with the High Head – light and lively, conveying a sense of
involvement and personal concern;
In statements:
with the Stepping Head – enthusiastic, assertive,
sometimes expressing contrast or emphasis.
with the High Head – brisk, businesslike, lively;
with the Stepping Head – considerate, concerned;
In special questions:
with the nuclear stress on the interrogative word –
insistent and genuinely interested.
with no head (in question-tags used as independent
comments) – expressing mildly surprised acceptance of the
listener’s premises;
with the High Head – light, lively, suggesting a point for
discussion rather than asking for information;
In general questions:
with the Stepping Head – insistent, urgent, sometimes
sceptical.
with the High Head – brisk, businesslike;
In imperatives:
(commands,
orders,
instructions)
with the Stepping Head – insistent, urgent.
In exclamations:
light, airy, involved, sometimes mildly surprised.
4. The Falling-Rising Tone-Pattern
Contour 1. Sliding/Falling Head + Fall-Rise Undivided
The basic meaning of an utterance bearing a falling-rising nuclear tone is largely the same
with or without a head of any kind: it is implicatory and referring to the preceding context which,
ultimately, makes the exact implication clear. The latter can be also prompted by the lexical content
of the utterance itself.
The given type of contour is the most frequent of all Falling-Rising contours. The high co-
occurrence of a nuclear Fall-Rise with the Sliding Head, perhaps, could be explained by phonetic
convenience. A more important justification, however, lies in the vividness and intensification
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associated with the Sliding Head. These connotations go very well with the semantic nature of the
Fall-Rise, increasing its softening effect. Yet, although the Sliding Head is the most recurrent type
for the falling-rising tone-pattern, other types of head are possible with it, too.
It must be remembered that the nuclear Fall-Rise Undivided is represented in speech by a
number of pitch variants ( high wide, high narrow, low, mid Fall-Rise). They do not affect the
inherent meaning of the tone pattern.
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