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4.3 ГЛОССАРИЙ ТЕРМИНОВ
A
Accentual function of intonation
Intonation gives precision to the information being conveyed. In particular, it signals the central
point of information by marking more or less important elements within the utterance through
contrasts in the degree of prominence. This function of intonation is called
accentual.
Ascending heads
The first
fully stressed syllable in ascending heads is said on a low pitch;
each following fully
stressed syllable always begins higher than the preceding one.
Attitudinal (modal-emotional function) of intonation
Widely recognized is the important role of intonation in conveying the speaker’s attitude to the
subject matter and to the speech situation, as well as his/her relations with the listener and his/her
emotional state at the moment of communication. This is
the attitudinal, or
modal-emotional,
function of intonation.
B
Basic intonation patterns
The number of actual utterances produced by native speakers of English is obviously unlimited, yet
they can be reduced – as far as intonation goes – to a comparatively small list of
basic intonation
patterns.
The word ‘basic’ is used here to denote several ideas. First of all,
it implies
meaningfulness; the replacement of one pattern by another causes a change (greater or smaller) in
the total meaning of an utterance. All the basic intonation patterns can be
contrasted to one another
both in form and meaning. Secondly, the basic intonation patterns are pronounced and used in much
the same way by all the educated English speaking people; in other words, they are typical. Thirdly,
the basic intonation patterns are associated with
a complete communicative unit. Their identification
is based on the possibility of semantic differentiation of utterances by means of intonation only. So
the notion of a basic pattern refers to
a simple tune functioning within an independent utterance. It
follows then that an intonation-group in a combined tune represents one of the basic patterns and is
one of its modifications in connected speech.
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