Английский язык. 11 класс (О. В. Афанасьева и др.)
2. Beethoven, Ludwig van
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2. Beethoven, Ludwig van (December 16, 1770 – March 26, 1827). He studied first with his father, Johann, a singer and instrumentalist. At 12 he had some music published. Twenty-two-year-old Beethoven settled in Vienna, where he pursued his studies, first with Haydn and Salieri. He fo und patrons among the music-loving Viennese aristocracy and soon enjoyed success as a piano virtuoso, playing at private houses or palaces rather than in public. His public debut was in 1795; about the same time his first important publications appeared. As a pianist, it was reported, he had fire, brilliance and fantasy as well as depth of feeling. It is naturally in the piano sonatas, writing for his own instrument, that he is at his most original in this period; the Pathetique belongs to 1799, the Moonlight to 1801, and these represent only the most obvious innovations in style and emotional content. These years also saw the composition of his first three piano concertos, his first two symphonies and a set of six string quartets. 1802, however, was a year of crisis for Beethoven, with his realization that the impaired hearing he had noticed for some time was incurable and sure to worsen. But he came through with his determination strengthened and entered a new creative phase. It is characterized by a heroic tone, evident in the Eroica Symphony, in Symphony No. 5, and in his opera Fidelio. With his powerful and expansive works Beethoven was firmly established as the greatest composer of his time. His piano-playing career had finished in 1808. For Beethoven, the act of composition had always been a struggle, as the tortuous scrawls of his sketchbooks show; in these late works the sense of agonizing effort is a part of the music. His reputation went far beyond Vienna: the late Mass was first heard in St. Petersburg, and the initial commission that produced the Choral Symphony had come from the Philharmonic Society of London. When early in 1827 he died, 10,000 are said to have attended the funeral. He had become a public figure as no composer had done before. Unlike composers of the preceding generation, he had never written music for the nobility. жүктеу/скачать 0,65 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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