Когнитивная характеристика этнокультурной
лексики в героических эпосах
В статье рассмотрено употребление этнокультурной лексики казахского языка в героических эпосах.
Авторами доказано, что язык, являясь основным ключевым показателем всего духовного и
культурного богатства, переходит из поколения в поколение как культурное наследие народа.
Проанализированы этнолексические употребления на материале текстов героических поэм. На
конкретных примерах показано, что этнокультурная лексика является информационным источником
истории народа и нации, языковым инструментом в создании национально-исторического колорита.
А.З.Қазанбаева, Г.Қалыбекқызы
22
Вестник Карагандинского университета
A.Z.Kazanbayeva, G.Kalybekkyzy
The cognitive characteristic of ethnocultural lexicon
in the geroycheskikh eposes
In article the special use of ethnocultural lexicon of the Kazakh language in the geroycheskikh eposes is
considered. By authors it is proved that language, being the main key indicator of all spiritual and cultural
wealth, passes from generation into generation as cultural heritage of the people. The ethnolexical uses on
material of texts the geroycheskikh of poems Anelizirutsya. On concrete examples show that the
ethnocultural lexicon is information source of history of the people and the nation, the language tool in crea-
tion of national and historical color.
References
1 Zhanpeysov E. Ana tili, 1994, 3, p. 4.
2 Kopylenko M.M. Fundamentals of ethnolinguistics, Almaty: Daik-Press, 1995, p. 17.
3 Mankeeva Zh.A. The informative the bases of ethnocultural names in the Kazakh language, Almaty: Arys, 2008, p. 15.
4 Mankeeva Zh.A. Features ethnos language History of language and nature of the word of scientific articles, Almaty: Arys, 1997, p. 7.
5 Aymauytov Zh. Akbilek (novel, story, short story), Astana: Gylym, 1998, p. 267.
6 Heroic epic, I, Almaty: Mektep, 1977, p. 365.
Серия «Филология». № 4(80)/2015
23
ЖАЛПЫ ЖƏНЕ ОРЫС ТІЛ БІЛІМІ
ОБЩЕЕ И РУССКОЕ ЯЗЫКОЗНАНИЕ
UDC 81`
G.Yu.Amanbayeva, G.B.Kasenovа
Ye.A.Buketov Karaganda State University
(Е-mail: gulzhazira_81@mail.ru)
Modern technologies the professional focused studying of Russian
In article modern innovations of the professiоnal-focused studying of Russian are considered. The main atten-
tion is paid to the organization of the professional focused methodical system of studying of Russian. The
making technologies of problem-oriented training are allocated: method of debate and case-study. It is em-
phasized that use of cases, especially in combination with a form of debate promotes formation of key profes-
sional competences and the new type of thinking answering to inquiries of time.
Key words: modern innovations, method of debate, method of cases, self-education, professional competence.
The most important tendency of the last decades are powerful integration processes which take all areas
of public life including the higher school. The higher education and science become a global factor of social
development, move forward in number of the most important national priorities.
With development of processes of globalization of economy and business before the higher education
there were new purposes — preparation of the professional shots capable effectively to work in the changed
conditions of the market. In the conditions of shift of general education aspects on the personal sphere
trained, objectively there is a question of improvement of technology of training, in particular, use of active
forms and methods of training, the most adequate to this direction.
The professional focused training became the answer to that call which made to pedagogical science ac-
tually training process, the changed living conditions and activity of the person and the person with his aspi-
ration to self-improvement.
As one of the tasks set for teachers expansion of scope of forms and methods of training which allow to
form both practical skills of the analysis of information, and aspiration trained to self-education and self-
improvement acts. Realization of the above-named tasks assumes the appeal to active methods of training.
Effective way of activization of educational process is application of innovative methods of training. In-
troduction and use of innovative methods of training has to be directed on formation of the identity of the
trainee according to in advance set purposes for perhaps shorter time [1].
The main goal of technology of preparation of qualified personnel consists in developing and realizing
intellectual potential of the nation, the states, societies. The higher school trains not narrow experts, and it is
rather the strategists capable of risk, anticipation able to make a choice, those who is ready to private and
social life. Only well put education allows the person to open the talents fully.
Active methods of training are subdivided into two big groups: group and individual. Group are appli-
cable at the same time to some number of participants (group), individual — to the specific person who is
carrying out the general, special, vocational or other training out of direct contact with another trained [2].
Various authors classify active methods of training by the different bases, allocating different number of
groups of active methods of training and differently packing the maintenance of the relevant groups
of methods.
Yu.N.Yemelyanov suggests to unite active group methods in three main units conditionally: a) debatable
methods (group discussion, analysis of incidents from practice, the analysis of situations of a moral choice,
G.Yu.Amanbayeva, G.B.Kasenovа
24
Вестник Карагандинского университета
etc.); b) game methods: didactic and creative games, including business (administrative) games, role-playing
games (behavioural learning, game psychotherapy, psychodrama correction); countergame (transaktny meth-
od of understanding of communicative behavior); c) sensitive training (training of interpersonal sensitivity
and perception of as psychophysical unity). S.V.Petrushin suggests the main methods of active social and
psychological training to subdivide in the main directions of psychology and allocates training group, groups
of meetings, the psychodrama, gestalt therapy [3].
On nature of educational cognitive activity methods of active training subdivide on: the imitating meth-
ods which are based on imitation of professional activity and not imitating. Imitating, in turn, subdivide on
game and not game. Thus carry the analysis of concrete situations to not game, actions according to the in-
struction etc. Game methods subdivide on: business games, didactic or educational games, game situations,
game pri6emy and procedures, trainings in the active mode. As activity of participants during search of the
solution of tasks allocate the methods constructed on: ranging on various signs of subjects or actions; optimi-
zation of processes and structures; design and designing of objects; a choice of tactics of actions in manage-
ment, communication and conflict situations; solution of an engineering and design, research, administrative
or social and psychological task; demonstrations and training of skills of attention, invention, originality,
speed of thinking and others. On the number of the participating allocate: individual, group, collective meth-
ods, and also the methods assuming work of participants in dyads and triads [3].
A.A. Voronova allocates three main types of methods of active social and psychological training:
• Method of the analysis of concrete situations. Situations can be various on a didactic orientation and
are used according to a task which is set by the leader for group: a situation — an illustration, some concrete
case offered leaders for demonstration of theoretical material; a situation — exercise where participants have
to allocate and remember some elements; the situation — an assessment in which the offered problem is al-
ready solved, and to participants is offered to estimate it; the situation — a problem, before group is put a
number of questions which should be analysed and solved.
• Social and psychological training where the trainer doesn't carry out the leading function, and plays a
role of the benevolent observer, the subject — subject nature of communication of participants provides.
• Game modeling or imitating games. Games (imitating) are subdivided on business where the imitating
model, and organizational where participants choose system of decisions is in advance set. Purpose
igrotekhnik: the organization of activity of participants of game, directed on development of a solution [4].
We will adhere to the following classification of active methods of training or methods of active social
and psychological training assuming their partitioning on four groups, uniting group and individual forms of
occupations at domination of the first.
1. The debatable methods (the free and directed discussions, meetings of experts, discussion of vital and
professional incidents, etc.) constructed on real-life and direct communication of participants at passively
detached position of the leader who is carrying out function of the organization of interaction, an exchange
of opinions, if necessary management of processes of development and adoption of the group decision.
2. The game methods (business, organizational and activity, imitating, role-playing games, the psycho-
drama, a sotsiadrama, etc.) using everything or some of the major game elements (a game situation, a role,
active playing, reconstruction of real events, etc.) and directed on finding of the new experience inaccessible
to the person for one reason or another.
3. Rating methods (efficiency ratings, popularity ratings), aktivizuruyushchy activity trained due to ef-
fect of competition, correction of requirement of achievement.
4. Training methods (the behavioural and personally focused trainings) directed on rendering the stimu-
lating, correcting, therapeutic, developing impact on the personality and behavior of participants.
Each group of active methods of training assumes the specific organization of interaction of the partici-
pants staying in a position of pupils and possesses the specific features, including appointment, positions of
participants and the leader, existential parameters of carrying out, the requirement to competence of
the leader.
We will consider one of debatable technologies which is based on communication of students among
themselves and acceptance of the common decision.
The analysis of concrete educational situations (case study) — the method of problem training intended
for improvement of skills and receiving experience in the following areas: identification, selection and solu-
tion of problems; work with information — judgment of value of the details described in a situation; analysis
and synthesis of information and arguments; work with assumptions and the conclusions; assessment of al-
ternatives; decision-making; hearing and understanding of other people — skills of group work.
Modern technologies the professional …
Серия «Филология». № 4(80)/2015
25
The essence of a method consists that обучащиеся receive a package (case) of the tasks which don't
have the exact decision. Respectively it is required to understand the confused situation: or to reveal a prob-
lem and to find ways of its decision, or to develop options of a way out when the problem is designated. Cas-
es differ from usual educational tasks (tasks have, as a rule, one decision and one correct way leading to this
decision, cases have some decisions and a set of the alternative ways leading to it).
The accent is transferred to development of knowledge, but not to mastering ready knowledge. Trained
have an opportunity to correlate the theory to real life in which future experts need ability to draw conclu-
sions, to defend the position [5].
In modern working programs this technology can be used not on each occupation. We consider specif-
ics of teaching Russian in national groups where there are both lexical, and grammatical subjects of occupa-
tions.
As it is professional Russian which is carried out on the second year of training, it is necessary to con-
sider a lack of information on the future profession at students, as upon termination of the first course at it in
baggage of knowledge only general education disciplines. Therefore we consider it expedient to carry out
discipline professional Russian at least on the third and as at most for the fourth year of training. In the senior
groups we can teach future expert to how to maintain official documents as it is stylistically correct to issue
scientific work, and also very important aspect for the expert — written and oral speech of future expert.
Case example on occupation of Russian: Types of scientific texts. Skin. Structure and structure of skin
(discipline «Professional Russian» 2y year of training, KGMU, Karaganda).
Before you some scientific texts on a lexical subject of occupation, your task to define type of each text.
Situation: to sort accessory of scientific texts on type in each group.
Immersion in a situation:
Whether you important consider the touched issue?
What depends on the solution of this problem, on this or that point of view?
Tasks:
To formulate a problem in writing;
To pick up arguments in favor of the chosen point of view, proceeding from the characteristic of types
of scientific texts, to range them;
to prepare counterarguments to the opposite point of view.
The objectives achieved when using a case technologies: development analytical, creative, critical, fo-
cused on application and the solution of problems of thinking; practice of search and development of alterna-
tive decisions, understanding of a polysemy practical (arising in real professional activity) problems and life
situations; ability and readiness for an assessment and decision-making; a guarantee of better assimilation of
knowledge due to their deepening and detection of gaps of knowledge; development of social competences
during the work of group (including study at others and with others)
The case technology allows to make active theoretical knowledge and practical experience of trainees,
their ability to introduce the ideas, ideas, offers, ability to listen to the alternative point of view, and is rea-
soned to state the, allows to see ambiguity of the solution of problems in real life [6].
The basis of a case is the competently picked up problem situation, logically built system of tasks, mo-
tivated presentation of result.
The following which is often used by an innovative method of studying of Russian is the game method —
a method of debate.
Debate is an intellectual game in which two teams (claiming and denying), discussing the set subject
formulated in the form of the statement puts forward the arguments and counterarguments concerning the
offered thesis to convince judges of the correctness and experience of rhetoric. Together with arguments par-
ticipants of debate have to present to jury of the proof, the facts, quotes, statistical data supporting their posi-
tion which make a team case. Participants of debate ask questions to the opposite side and answer questions
of opponents; questions can be used for an explanation of a position of opponents and for identification of
mistakes at the opponent. After listening of both teams of jury fill in protocols which fix the decision on
preference of more convincing team in debate and submit to audience the comparative analysis of positions
of the parties. Three players from each party participate in game, but the number of participants can be in-
creased depending on type of debate. The regulations also make a reservation in each case. Also the
taymkiper who watches observance of regulations is appointed [7].
Debate as pedagogical technology it isn't simple dispute, it is fight of cases.
G.Yu.Amanbayeva, G.B.Kasenovа
26
Вестник Карагандинского университета
Debate — strictly regulated and accurately structured process in which participants carry out the role by
the rules defined in advance: to work at a certain speed, to carry out self-checking and self-correction to
show respect for the opponent to be honest in arguments to acquire knowledge [8].
Basic principle: In debate there are no lost!
It is very good to use a method of debate at analysis of lexical subjects of occupations, for example: ear-
ly pregnancy, abortion, smoking, drug addiction, alcoholism, suicide, etc.:
The plan of carrying out occupation with use of technology of debate;
To formulate a subject of debate on occupation when studying new material;
To break trained for teams;
To give tasks for teams: to adduce arguments in support of pros and cons;
Upon termination of work of group represent all the practices vapors «argument-counterargument».
At the end arguments on which there were no counterarguments are adduced;
This method finds successful application when carrying out conversations on lexical subjects of occu-
pations: Early pregnancy, Abortion and its consequences, Smoking, Drug addiction, Alcoholism, Sui-
cide, etc.;
Experts estimate quality of arguments and counterarguments;
Simplification in respect of carrying out occupation with use of technology of debate (a basis the
technology of the modified debate or express debate is).
However it should be noted that the choice for application of new technologies of training shouldn't be-
come end in itself of the teacher in educational process. As we already noted, the greatest effect can be
reached at system approach to a choice of traditional and innovative technologies of training, at their reason-
able combination, addition of each other and at effective and competent management of the teacher who is
simply obliged to improve the qualification [2].
Thus, when using such activity on occupation as the solution of cases, especially in combination with a
form of debate, happens spontaneous transition trained from external motivation in the course of training to
internal moral and strong-willed regulation of self-training, key professional competences and the new type
of thinking answering to inquiries of time are formed.
Список литературы
1 Давыдов Л.Д. Модернизация содержания среднего профессионального образования на основе компетентностной мо-
дели специалиста: Автореф. дис. … канд. пед. наук. — М., 2006. — 26 с.
2 Власова Н.В. Современные образовательные технологии в контексте новых федеральных государственных образова-
тельных стандартов [Текст] / Н.В.Власова // Теория и практика образования в современном мире: Материалы Междунар.
заоч. науч. конф. (г. Санкт-Петербург, февраль 2012 г.). — [ЭР]. Режим доступа: http//www.moluch.ru/conf/ped/
archive/21/1848/
3 Емельянов Ю.Н. Активные групповые методы социально-психологической подготовки специалистов. — [ЭР]. Ре-
жим доступа: http://mdgu-kid.at.ua/load/2–1-0–35
4 Воронова А.А. Применение методов активного социально-психологического обучения педагогов в системе
школьной психологической службы // Активные методы в работе школьного психолога: Сб. науч. тр. / Редкол.:
И.В.Дубровина (отв. ред.), Е.Е.Данилова, А.М.Прихожан, Н.Н.Толстых; АПН СССР, Науч.-исслед. ин-т общ. и пед. пси-
хол. — М.: Изд-во АПН СССР, 1990. — С. 153–164. — [ЭР]. Режим доступа: URL: http:// psychlib.ru/inc/absid.php?
absid=60891.
5 Долгоруков А. Метод case-study как современная технология профессионально-ориентированного обучения. —
[ЭР]. Режим доступа: http://www.vshu.ru/lections.php? tab_id=3&a=info&id=2600
6 Кейс-технологии как условие активизации самостоятельной работы. — [ЭР]. Режим доступа: http://festival.1septem-
ber.ru/articles/512028/.
7 Турик Л.А. Дебаты: игровая, развивающая, образовательная технология. — Ростов н/Д.: Феникс, 2012. — [ЭР]. Ре-
жим доступа: http://yapisatel.ru/
8 Омаров Н.Б. Использование приемов активизации познавательной творческой деятельности подростков в процессе
работы клуба «Дебаты». — [ЭР]. Режим доступа: http:/ file:\дебаты\Омаров Н.Б.htm.
Modern technologies the professional …
Серия «Филология». № 4(80)/2015
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Г.Ю.Аманбаева, Г.Б.Қасенова
Орыс тілін кəсіби бағдар бере отырып оқытуда заманауи
технологияларын қолдану
Мақалада орыс тілін кəсіби бағдар бере отырып оқытуда қолданылатын заманауи технологиялар
қарастырылды. Авторлар аталған əдіс жүйесін ұйымдастыруға ерекше тоқталып, оқыту
технологиясын құрайтын case-study мен дебат əдісінің тиімділігін зерделеді. Заман талабына жауап
беретін жаңаша ойлау мен кəсіби құзыреттілік негізін қалыптастыруда кейс əдісін дебат формасымен
байланыстыра қолдануға баса назар аударды.
Г.Ю.Аманбаева, Г.Б.Касенова
Современные технологии профессионально-ориентированного
изучения русского языка
В статье рассмотрены современные инновации профессионально-ориентированного изучения русско-
го языка. Основное внимание уделено организации профессионально-ориентированной методической
системы
изучения
русского
языка.
Выделены
составляющие
технологии
проблемно-
ориентированного обучения: методы дебатов и case-study. Отмечено, что использование кейсов, осо-
бенно в сочетании с формой дебатов, способствует формированию ключевых профессиональных ком-
петенций и формирует новый тип мышления, отвечающий запросам времени.
References
1 Davydov L.D. Modernization of the content of secondary professional education on the basis of competence-based model of
the expert: Avtoref. dis. … candidate of pedagogical sciences, Moscow, 2006, 26 p.
2 Vlasova N.V. Theory and practice of education in the modern world: materials international extramural scientific confer-
ence, (Saint-Petersburg, February, 2012), [ER]. Access mode: http//www.moluch.ru/conf/ped/archive/21/1848.
3 Yemelyanov Yu.N. Active group methods of social and psychological training of specialists, [ER]. Access mode:
http://mdgu-kid.at.ua/load/2–1-0–35.
4 Voronova A.A. Active methods in the work of the school psychologist: Collection of scientific papers, 1990, p. 153–164,
[ER]. Access mode: http://psychlib.ru/inc/absid.php? absid=60891.
5 Dolgorukov A. The case-study method as modern technology of the professional focused training, [ER] Access mode:
http://www.vshu.ru/lections.php? tab_id=3&a=info&id=2600.
6 Case technology as condition of activization of independent work, [ER] Access mode:
http://festival.1september.ru/articles/512028.
7 Turik L.A. Debate: the game, developing, educational technology, Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 2012, [ER]. Access mode:
http://yapisatel.ru/.
8 Omarov N.B. Use of methods of activization of cognitive creative activity of teenagers in the course of work of Debaty club,
[ER]. Access mode: http:/ file:\дебаты\Омаров N.B.htm.
28
Вестник Карагандинского университета
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