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Until recently, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (the USSR) and some other countries
proclaimed that socialism was producing an entirely new form of law, not to be judged by or even (A).
This view was said to be the scientific conclusion of a Marxist analysis. The elimination of the USSR
as a state was followed by the collapse of the newly build legal system at the end of the 20th century.
The USSR’s peaceful disintegration into 15 sovereign states has provoked much activity in fashioning
new structures. Most of the states by now have (B) and are drafting the rest of the legal system.
One more example of applying socialist law is China. From its inception in 1949, the People’s
Republic of China’s declared aim was (C). It abrogated all earlier legislation and during the next
decade much of the formal law was (D). The legal structure has been partly resurrected, and a legal
framework of codes enacted. The Basic Principles of Civil Law contain many provisions that would be
familiar to Western jurists. The actual functioning of the system, however, is affected by the persistent
attitude (E) to the decisions of central and local political authorities.
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