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Выразите согласие/несогласие со следующими утверждениями
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- 5. Прочитайте текст о различных типах конституций и переведите его. Types of Constitutions
| 4. Выразите согласие/несогласие со следующими утверждениями.
1. The British Constitution is unwritten unlike the Constitutions of the USA and the proposed European Constitution. 2. The British Constitution can be found in a variety of documents. 3. Amendments to the British Constitution need the approval of both Houses of Parliament, but they do not need the Royal Assent. 4. Parliamentary sovereignty has always been the core principle of the British Constitution. 5. The Sovereign has no power to dissolve Parliament. 6. Parliament has no power to change the structure of its houses. 7. The British Parliament consists of the House of Commons and the House of Lords. 8. The European law has priority over the UK law. 9. The executive power in the United Kingdom is exercised by the Sovereign. 10. The Constitutional Reform Act 2005 created a new Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. 5. Прочитайте текст о различных типах конституций и переведите его. Types of Constitutions A Constitution is a system which establishes the fundamental rules and principles which a state will use to govern and regulate. There are several types of constitutions: written/unwritten, rigid/flexible, federal/unitary. The term written constitution is used to describe a constitution that is entirely written, that is codified in one single document. Written constitutions normally consist of a ceremonial preamble, which sets forth the goals of the state and the motivation for the constitution, and several articles containing the substantive provisions. The term unwritten constitution is used to describe a constitution in which no single, formal document delineates the powers of a government. Instead, an unwritten constitution comprises the body of a country's laws, enacted over time, with an emphasis on political precedent and parliamentary procedure, to create a framework in which a limited government operates. Unwritten constitutions can contain written sources: e.g. constitutional statutes enacted by the Parliament; and also unwritten sources: constitutional conventions, customs and traditions. Many historians use the term “rigid” to describe the Constitution because in such constitution there are provisions in writing that cannot be legally changed with the same ease and in the same manner as ordinary laws. On the other hand, the Constitution is called “flexible” because it is an unwritten document that can be changed by an act of Parliament or through a process of amendment. The federal constitution establishes the division of authority between the Federal Government and the component units of the government. In a federal constitution, sovereignty is invested in the central government. It allows a limited amount of government among units. The unitary constitution relates to the parliament. It follows parliamentary system of power. The unitary constitution establishes a unitary system of government where a central government does exist. Although units are associated with that government, sovereignty is controlled by the central government. |